{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T17:59:16Z","timestamp":1773511156298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/SGR1342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/SGR1342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/SGR00702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/SGR00702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research","award":["PI19\/00354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00354"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research","award":["2017\/SGR1342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/SGR1342"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research","award":["2021\/SGR00702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/SGR00702"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Certain patient profile characteristics, such as preexisting medical conditions, can modify the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among adults vaccinated and not vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. This retrospective cohort study aimed to quantify the risk of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 among individuals from 15 to 64 years old with and without pneumococcal vaccination in Spain during the 2020\u20132021 influenza season and establish a risk profile of patients more likely to develop SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Data (demographic information, patient medical history, and lifestyle habits) were gathered both directly from the patient via personal interview and by reviewing electronic medical records. In an adjusted analysis for pneumococcal vaccinated patients, visits to hospital outpatient clinics were protective while visits to primary health care services, being widowed, obese, and not using masks in outdoor open spaces were identified as risk factors. For patients who had not received a pneumococcal vaccine, visits to hospital outpatient clinics were protective, while being overweight or obese, alcohol consumption, and not using masks in outdoor open spaces were identified as risk factors. Concerning comorbidities, in the pneumococcal vaccinated group none were found to be protective but having diabetes or other respiratory diseases were identified as risk factors. In the unvaccinated group, undergoing immunosuppressive treatment and having metastatic tumors were protective factors, while cerebrovascular disease and obesity with a BMI \u2265 40 were risk factors. A similar risk profile for developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in pneumococcal vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals was found. Generally, vaccinated individuals had a lower risk of developing SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that vaccination against S. pneumoniae could prevent and reduce SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Additionally, this study has identified individuals with other medical conditions, such as obesity, underweight, diabetes, and a history of respiratory diseases, who are at an increased risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and could benefit from vaccination and supervision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11111630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1698147287000},"page":"1630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Profile of Adult Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pneumonia Patients According to Pneumococcal Vaccination Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0785-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Morales-Su\u00e1rez-Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Av. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estelles s\/n, Burjassot, 46100 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabell\u00f3n 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-9238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabell\u00f3n 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, C\/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Amelia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Li\u00e9bana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, C\/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Rubiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Cabue\u00f1es, C\/de Los Prados 395, 33394 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, C\/Parc Taul\u00ed 1, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Tauli (I3PT-CERCA), Pla\u00e7a Torre de l\u2019Aigua s\/n, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Av. Can Dom\u00e8nech Edifici M, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Prados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz, P.\u00ba de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Chamarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Navarra, C\/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Peraita-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Av. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estelles s\/n, Burjassot, 46100 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabell\u00f3n 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0219-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabell\u00f3n 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, C\/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Working Group of Project FIS PI19\/00354","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3224","article-title":"Viral Pneumonia. COVID-19 Pneumonia","volume":"13","author":"Allende","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Heneghan, C., Pluddemann, A., and Mahtani, K.R. (2020). Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Pneumonia, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford. 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