{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:57:36Z","timestamp":1792807056393,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800200"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["32072891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072891"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["32373039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373039"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["31672546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672546"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["31902297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902297"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["LSNQN202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSNQN202003"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["LJKZ0673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0673"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["RC210291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC210291"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["YDWS202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDWS202209"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["RSP2023R111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R111"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800200"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32072891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072891"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32373039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373039"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31672546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672546"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31902297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902297"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LSNQN202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSNQN202003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LJKZ0673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0673"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["RC210291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC210291"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["YDWS202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDWS202209"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["RSP2023R111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R111"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["2022YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800200"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["32072891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072891"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["32373039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373039"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["31672546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672546"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["31902297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902297"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["LSNQN202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSNQN202003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["LJKZ0673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0673"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["RC210291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC210291"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["YDWS202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDWS202209"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Liaoning Province Project","award":["RSP2023R111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R111"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0022v2454","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["2022YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800200"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["32072891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072891"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["32373039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373039"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["31672546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672546"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["31902297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902297"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["LSNQN202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSNQN202003"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["LJKZ0673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0673"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["RC210291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC210291"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["YDWS202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDWS202209"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Young and middle-aged Scientifific and technological Innovation Talent Support Program","award":["RSP2023R111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R111"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["2022YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800200"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["32072891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072891"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["32373039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373039"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["31672546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672546"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["31902297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902297"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["LSNQN202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSNQN202003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["LJKZ0673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0673"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["RC210291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC210291"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["YDWS202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDWS202209"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Inflfluenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province","award":["RSP2023R111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R111"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["2022YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800200"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["32072891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072891"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["32373039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373039"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["31672546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672546"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["31902297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31902297"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["LSNQN202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSNQN202003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["LJKZ0673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0673"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RC210291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC210291"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["YDWS202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDWS202209"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP2023R111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R111"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is a major worldwide protozoan zoonosis. The surface antigen 1 (SAG1) of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has always been recognized as an ideal vaccine candidate antigen. However, the intact and soluble SAG1 protein is usually difficult to acquire in vitro, which is unfavorable for employing the recombinant protein as a vaccine candidate antigen. In the present study, we obtained the full-length SAG1 recombinant protein in soluble form by Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) cells under optimized expression conditions. The immunogenicity and protective ability of this recombinant protein against T. gondii acute infection were evaluated in a mouse model. Monitoring changes in serum antibody levels and types, the presence of cytokines, and the rate of lymphocyte proliferation in vaccinated mice were used to assess humoral and cellular immune responses. Additional assessments were performed to determine the protective potency of the recombinant protein in combating T. gondii RH tachyzoites. It was found that the titers of both IgG2a and IgG2b were considerably greater in the immunized mice compared to the titers of IgG1 and IgG3. The levels of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, IL-12p70, IL-2, and TNF-\u03b1) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-10) significantly increased when splenocytes from immunological group mice were treated with T. gondii lysate antigen. Compared to the control group, a recombinant protein substantially increased the longevity of infected mice, with an average death time prolonged by 14.50 \u00b1 0.34 days (p &lt; 0.0001). These findings suggest that the full-length and soluble SAG1 recombinant protein produced potent immune responses in mice and could be a preferred subunit vaccine candidate for T. gondii, offering a feasible option for vaccination against acute toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11111678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T09:16:21Z","timestamp":1698916581000},"page":"1678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Boosting Mouse Defense against Lethal Toxoplasma gondii Infection with Full-Length and Soluble SAG1 Recombinant Protein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuxian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0389-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"El-Ashram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebtesam M.","family":"Al-Olayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3665-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.83536","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis: A global threat","volume":"3","author":"Furtado","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Glob. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: From animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8485","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8485","article-title":"Dendritic cells expressing plasmacytoid marker PDCA-1 are Trojan horses during Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"181","author":"Bierly","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.07.008","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.89","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients","volume":"4","author":"Vidal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30005-X","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X.L., Wei, H.X., Zhang, H., Peng, H.J., and Lindsay, D.S. (2014). A meta analysis on risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii infection. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097775"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayeri, T., Sarvi, S., Moosazadeh, M., Amouei, A., Hosseininejad, Z., and Daryani, A. (2020). The global seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008103"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109370","article-title":"Global prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the aborted fetuses and ruminants that had an abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"290","author":"Nayeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60193-7","article-title":"Great efficacy of sulfachloropyrazine-sodium against acute murine toxoplasmosis","volume":"2","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-273","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in food animals and rodents in different regions of China: Isolation, genotyping and mouse pathogenicity","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.09.008","article-title":"Toxoplasma-safe meat: Close to reality?","volume":"25","author":"Kijlstra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200000144X","article-title":"A commercial vaccine for ovine toxoplasmosis","volume":"110","author":"Buxton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-5928(02)00593-4","article-title":"High yield expression and single-step purification of Toxoplasma gondii SAG1, GRA1, and GRA7 antigens in Escherichia coli","volume":"27","author":"Dabrowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.11.003","article-title":"A systematic review of Toxoplasma gondii antigens to find the best vaccine candidates for immunization","volume":"126","author":"Rezaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.10.3496","article-title":"Protection of mice from fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection by immunization with p30 antigen in liposomes","volume":"147","author":"Bulow","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.11.3636","article-title":"Protection of mice and nude rats against toxoplasmosis by a multiple antigenic peptide construction derived from Toxoplasma gondii P30 antigen","volume":"149","author":"Darcy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.132.1.443","article-title":"Identification of stage-specific sporozoite antigens of Toxoplasma gondii by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"132","author":"Kasper","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.5.1493","article-title":"Antigen-specific (p30) mouse CD8+ T cells are cytotoxic against Toxoplasma gondii-infected peritoneal macrophages","volume":"148","author":"Kasper","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(97)00133-8","article-title":"Differences in immunological response to a T. gondii protein (SAG1) derived peptide between two strains of mice: Effect on protection in T. gondii infection","volume":"34","author":"Moretto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.2001.1483","article-title":"High-level expression and purification of immunogenic recombinant SAG1 (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii in Escherichia coli","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"606","article-title":"Structure of the immunodominant surface antigen from the Toxoplasma gondii SRS superfamily","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.02.009","article-title":"Diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis by using the recombinant truncated surface antigen 1 of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.12.005","article-title":"Construction and immunogenicity of pseudotype baculovirus expressing Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 protein in BALB\/c mice model","volume":"28","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104386","article-title":"Computational probing of Toxoplasma gondii major surface antigen 1 (SAG1) for enhanced vaccine design against toxoplasmosis","volume":"147","author":"Majidiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sang, X., Li, X., Chen, R., Feng, Y., He, T., Zhang, X., El-Ashram, S., Al-Olayan, E., and Yang, N. (2023). Co-Immunization with DNA Vaccines Expressing SABP1 and SAG1 Proteins Effectively Enhanced Mice Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Acute Infection. Vaccines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11071190"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.844652","article-title":"Vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii: New developments and perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00519-3","article-title":"Tuberculosis subunit vaccine development: On the role of interferon-gamma","volume":"19","author":"Agger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01025-07","article-title":"Subunit vaccine against the seven serotypes of botulism","volume":"76","author":"Baldwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.080","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Plasmodium vivax combination subunit vaccine formulated with human compatible adjuvants in mice","volume":"25","author":"Devi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.02.048","article-title":"Establishment of the first Chinese national standard for protein subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine","volume":"40","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15014-3","article-title":"Safety and antigenicity of whole virus and subunit influenza A\/Hong Kong\/1073\/99 (H9N2) vaccine in healthy adults: Phase I randomised trial","volume":"362","author":"Stephenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00039-5","article-title":"Immunisation with E. coli produced recombinant T. gondii SAG1 with alum as adjuvant protect mice against lethal infection with T. gondii","volume":"16","author":"Petersen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.9.4503-4506.1998","article-title":"Protective effect of vaccination with a combina tion of recombinant surface antigen 1 and interleukin-12 against toxo plasmosis in mice","volume":"66","author":"Villard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6615-6619.2003","article-title":"Vaccination with T. gondii SAG-1 protein is protective against congenital toxo plasmosis in BALB\/c mice but not in CBA\/J mice","volume":"71","author":"Pfaff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"97","article-title":"Progress in understanding adjuvant immunotoxicity mecha nisms","volume":"23","author":"Lindblad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00119-X","article-title":"Baculovirus-directed expression and secretion of a truncated version of Toxoplasma SAG1","volume":"103","author":"Hunter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-125","article-title":"Screening and identification of novel B cell epitopes of Toxoplasma gondii SAG1","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(94)90054-X","article-title":"Antigenicity and immunogenicity of P30-derived peptides in experimental models of toxoplasmosis","volume":"31","author":"Godard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.06.017","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: P30 peptides recognition pattern in human toxoplasmosis","volume":"123","author":"Cardona","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.01.005","article-title":"Advances in the Development of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Vaccines: Challenges, Opportunities, and Perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00328-12","article-title":"Impaired innate immunity in mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 leads to defective type 1 T cell responses, B cell expansion, and enhanced susceptibility to infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"80","author":"Bela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagheh, A.S., Sarvi, S., Sharif, M., Rezaei, F., Ahmadpour, E., Dodangeh, S., Omidian, Z., Hassannia, H., Mehrzadi, S., and Daryani, A. (2020). Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (SAG1) as a potential candidate to develop vaccine against toxoplasmosis: A systematic review. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 69.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101414"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines2020252","article-title":"Adjuvants in the Driver\u2019s Seat: How Magnitude, Type, Fine Specificity and Longevity of Immune Responses Are Driven by Distinct Classes of Immune Potentiators","volume":"2","author":"Leitner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.22","article-title":"Toll-like receptors: The swiss army knife of immunity and vaccine development","volume":"5","author":"Dowling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.4948-4953.2000","article-title":"Protective immunity against congenital toxoplasmosis with recombinant SAG1 protein in a guinea pig mode","volume":"68","author":"Haumont","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/11\/1678\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:16:04Z","timestamp":1760130964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/11\/11\/1678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines11111678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11111678","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]}}}