{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:43:45Z","timestamp":1792122225755,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Government of India","award":["BT\/PR40649\/MED\/31\/441\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR40649\/MED\/31\/441\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Significant progress has been achieved in the realm of therapeutic interventions for multiple myeloma (MM), leading to transformative shifts in its clinical management. While conventional modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have improved the clinical outcomes, the overarching challenge of effecting a comprehensive cure for patients afflicted with relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) endures. Notably, adoptive cellular therapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, has exhibited efficacy in patients with refractory or resistant B-cell malignancies and is now also being tested in patients with MM. Within this context, the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as a promising candidate for CAR-T-cell antigen targeting in MM. Alternative targets include SLAMF7, CD38, CD19, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule CS1, NKG2D, and CD138. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of these CAR-T-cell therapies, although longitudinal follow-up reveals some degree of antigenic escape. The widespread implementation of CAR-T-cell therapy is encumbered by several barriers, including antigenic evasion, uneven intratumoral infiltration in solid cancers, cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, logistical implementation, and financial burden. This article provides an overview of CAR-T-cell therapy in MM and the utilization of BCMA as the target antigen, as well as an overview of other potential target moieties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11111721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T08:19:43Z","timestamp":1700122783000},"page":"1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3733-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhinava","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashna","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunjan","family":"Dagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayasagar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3822-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6721-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabirul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4911-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandra","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3640-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajaz","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4468-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzafar","family":"Macha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moez","family":"Benali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fortrea Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6301-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fortrea Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA"},{"name":"Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8087-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Previs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp Oncology, Durham, NC 27560, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3552-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materia Medica, State Lal Bahadur Shastri Homoeopathic Medical College, Prayagraj 211013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7262-2289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dwaipayan","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pratap Chandra Memorial Homoeopathic Hospital & College, Kolkata 700011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8380-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preyangsee","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pratap Chandra Memorial Homoeopathic Hospital & College, Kolkata 700011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseem","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinalini","family":"Darswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0728-1936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayank","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26590","article-title":"Multiple Myeloma: 2022 Update on Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Management","volume":"97","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. 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