{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1793330101350,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000761","name":"Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["department01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["department01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although human monkeypox infections had not been recorded in the Kurdistan region of Iraq as of August 2023, the rapid growth of cases worldwide and the detection of monkeypox in neighboring Middle Eastern nations call for careful planning and timely response measures. Educating and empowering frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) so that they can act to curb the spread of monkeypox infections are core elements of primary prevention and protecting public health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess HCWs\u2019 knowledge and attitudes about monkeypox and their willingness to vaccinate against monkeypox. By employing a convenience sampling method, an online survey was disseminated via Google Forms between 1 November 2022 and 15 January 2023. The researchers utilized regression analyses to ascertain the factors associated with the three parameters: knowledge, attitude, and the willingness to vaccinate. A total of 637 HCWs were included in the analysis (ages ranged between 21 and 51 years). The mean overall scores were 8.18 of a max score of 16 (SD 3.37), 3.4 of 5 (SD 1.37), and 2.41 of 5 (SD 1.25) for knowledge, attitude, and willingness to vaccinate, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HCWs who had heard about monkeypox before 2022 rather than later had a higher level of knowledge (AOR: 4.85; 95% CI: 2.81\u20138.36; p &lt; 0.001). In addition, those who had newly joined the workforce or had less than 1 year experience in practice had more positive attitudes about curbing monkeypox (AOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20\u20130.59; p &lt; 0.01) than those who practiced for longer. No significant predictors of willingness to vaccinate against monkeypox were identified. The research revealed that HCWs exhibited a relatively low level of monkeypox knowledge. They also had poor attitudes towards monkeypox vaccination and were therefore reluctant to receive the vaccines. Imparting knowledge about the infectious disease can cultivate better awareness and attitudes among HCWs as to their roles in mitigating the spread of an epidemic in the foreseeable future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11121734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T10:24:13Z","timestamp":1700562253000},"page":"1734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Knowledge, Attitudes, and Willingness of Healthcare Workers in Iraq\u2019s Kurdistan Region to Vaccinate against Human Monkeypox: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirwan Khalid","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq"},{"name":"Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health-Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salar Omer","family":"Abdulqadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0476-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rukhsar Muhammad","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kindergarten, College of Basic Education, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8513-2907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safin","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karzan","family":"Qurbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7041-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona Gamal","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing, RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 72603, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazhar Talaat","family":"Abubaker Blbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Administration and Economics, Salahaddin University, Erbil 44001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9042-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathumalar Loganathan","family":"Fahrni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Ivan","family":"Lazzarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.12.130","article-title":"A Review of Experimental and Natural Infections of Animals with Monkeypox Virus between 1958 and 2012","volume":"8","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207323","article-title":"Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries\u2014April\u2013June 2022","volume":"387","author":"Thornhill","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. 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