{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:49:30Z","timestamp":1793328570270,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia","award":["0837-2019-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0837-2019-0003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia","award":["0837-2019-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0837-2019-0007"]}]},{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences","award":["0837-2019-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0837-2019-0003"]}]},{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences","award":["0837-2019-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0837-2019-0007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Powassan virus (POWV) are neurotropic tick-borne orthoflaviviruses. They cause mostly asymptomatic infections in hosts, but severe forms with CNS involvement can occur. Studying the early stages of viral infections in humans is challenging, and appropriate animal models are essential for understanding the factors determining the disease severity and for developing emergency prophylaxis and treatment options. In this work, we assessed the model of the early stages of TBEV and POWV mono- and co-infections in Macaca fascicularis. Serological, biochemical, and virological parameters were investigated to describe the infection, including its impact on animal behavior. Viremia, neutralizing antibody dynamics, and viral load in organs were chosen as the main parameters distinguishing early-stage orthoflavivirus infection. Levels of IFN\u03b1, monocyte count, and cognitive test scores were proposed as additional informative indicators. An assessment of a tick-borne encephalitis vaccine using this model showed that it provided partial protection against POWV infection in Macaca fascicularis without signs of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11121754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:33:56Z","timestamp":1701056036000},"page":"1754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inapparent Tick-Borne Orthoflavivirus Infection in Macaca fascicularis: A Model for Antiviral Drug and Vaccine Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Illarionova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bd. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Rogova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5668-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia","family":"Tuchynskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Volok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"},{"name":"Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (RISBM), Laboratory of Infectious Immunology, Moscow 117246, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Rogova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Baryshnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0869-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy","family":"Turchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Litov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kalyanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Siniugina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydar","family":"Ishmukhametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Karganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSASI \u201cChumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS\u201d (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-023-05797-4","article-title":"Changes to Virus Taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes Ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)","volume":"168","author":"Zerbini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. 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