{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T19:35:32Z","timestamp":1785612932374,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High Performance Computing (HPC)","award":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"]}]},{"name":"High Performance Computing (HPC) resources of Meso@LR and of the Centre Informatique National de l\u2019Enseignement Superieur (CINES)","award":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"]}]},{"name":"Tres Grand Centre de Calcul (TGCC) of the Commissariat a l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA)","award":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"]}]},{"name":"Institut du developpement et des ressources en informatique scientifique (IDRIS)","award":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"]}]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)","award":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"]}]},{"name":"University of Montpellier","award":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[036029 (2010\u20132023)]"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease presenting with auto-antibodies that affect the neuromuscular junction. In addition to symptomatic treatment options, novel therapeutics include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system\u00ae, extends the characterization of therapeutic antibodies with a systematic description of their mechanisms of action (MOA) and makes them available through its database for mAbs and fusion proteins, IMGT\/mAb-DB. Methods: Using available literature data combined with amino acid sequence analyses from mAbs managed in IMGT\/2Dstructure-DB, the IMGT\u00ae protein database, biocuration allowed us to define in a standardized way descriptions of MOAs of mAbs that target molecules towards MG treatment. Results: New therapeutic targets include FcRn and molecules such as CD38, CD40, CD19, MS4A1, and interleukin-6 receptor. A standardized graphical representation of the MOAs of selected mAbs was created and integrated within IMGT\/mAb-DB. The main mechanisms involved in these mAbs are either blocking or neutralizing. Therapies directed to B cell depletion and plasma cells have a blocking MOA with an immunosuppressant effect along with Fc-effector function (MS4A1, CD38) or Fc\u03b3RIIb engager effect (CD19). Monoclonal antibodies targeting the complement also have a blocking MOA with a complement inhibitor effect, and treatments targeting T cells have a blocking MOA with an immunosuppressant effect (CD40) and Fc-effector function (IL6R). On the other hand, FcRn antagonists present a neutralizing MOA with an FcRn inhibitor effect. Conclusion: The MOA of each new mAb needs to be considered in association with the immunopathogenesis of each of the subtypes of MG in order to integrate the new mAbs as a viable and safe option in the therapy decision process. In IMGT\/mAb-DB, mAbs for MG are characterized by their sequence, domains, and chains, and their MOA is described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11121756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:33:56Z","timestamp":1701056036000},"page":"1756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Delving into Molecular Pathways: Analyzing the Mechanisms of Action of Monoclonal Antibodies Integrated in IMGT\/mAb-DB for Myasthenia Gravis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5801-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Golfinopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2258-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Giudicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taciana","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Kossida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis with antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4","volume":"12","author":"Verschuuren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun. 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