{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:46:01Z","timestamp":1791373561242,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Innovation Team Project for Talent Introduction and Cultivation in the Universities of Shandong Province, China","award":["31873014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31873014"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31873014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31873014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global infectious disease primarily transmitted via respiratory tract infection. Presently, vaccination stands as the primary method for TB prevention, predominantly reliant on the Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine. Although it is effective in preventing disseminated diseases in children, its impact on adults is limited. To broaden vaccine protection, efforts are underway to accelerate the development of new TB vaccines. However, challenges arise due to the limited immunogenicity and safety of these vaccines, necessitating adjuvants to bolster their ability to elicit a robust immune response for improved and safer immunization. These adjuvants function by augmenting cellular and humoral immunity against M. tuberculosis antigens via different delivery systems, ultimately enhancing vaccine efficacy. Therefore, this paper reviews and summarizes the current research progress on M. tuberculosis vaccines and their associated adjuvants, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the development of novel TB vaccines and the screening of adjuvants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12010038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T03:28:41Z","timestamp":1703820521000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Enhancing TB Vaccine Efficacy: Current Progress on Vaccines, Adjuvants and Immunization Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6819-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningning","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, November 09). 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