{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:15:36Z","timestamp":1773875736627,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 La Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202117-30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202117-30-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People with HIV (PWH) may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and worse clinical outcomes. We investigated the disparity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination coverage between PWH and those without HIV (PWoH) in Catalonia, Spain, assessing primary and monovalent booster vaccination coverage from December 2021 to July 2022. The vaccines administered were BNT162, ChAdOx1-S, mRNA-127, and Ad26.COV2.S. Using a 1:10 ratio of PWH to PWoH based on sex, age, and socioeconomic deprivation, the analysis included 201,630 individuals (183,300 PWoH and 18,330 PWH). Despite a higher prevalence of comorbidities, PWH exhibited lower rates of complete primary vaccination (78.2% vs. 81.8%, p &lt; 0.001) but surpassed PWoH in booster coverage (68.5% vs. 63.1%, p &lt; 0.001). Notably, complete vaccination rates were lower among PWH with CD4 &lt;200 cells\/\u03bcL, detectable HIV viremia, and migrants compared to PWoH (p &lt; 0.001, all). However, PWH with CD4 &lt; 200 cells\/\u03bcL received more boosters (p &lt; 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis of the overall population, a prior SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, HIV status, migrants, and mild-to-severe socioeconomic deprivation were associated with lower primary vaccination coverage, reflecting barriers to healthcare and vaccine access. However, booster vaccination was higher among PWH. Targeted interventions are needed to improve vaccine coverage and address hesitancy in vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12010044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T06:37:12Z","timestamp":1704004632000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Primary and Monovalent Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Coverage in Adults with and without HIV in Catalonia, Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Kwakye","family":"Nomah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3122-6518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Reyes-Urue\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3727-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesika","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Moreno-Forn\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Aceiton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreu","family":"Bruguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Pediatria, d\u2019Obstetr\u00edcia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Mart\u00edn-Iguacel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arkaitz","family":"Imaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-(IDIBELL), 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria del Mar","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n W.","family":"Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Qualitat i Avaluaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ries de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6871-0098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Suanzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ambrosioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Casabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV\/AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Department of Health, Government of Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Pediatria, d\u2019Obstetr\u00edcia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M.","family":"Miro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7158-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep M.","family":"Llibre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the PISCIS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01221-y","article-title":"The Race for Coronavirus Vaccines: A Graphical Guide","volume":"580","author":"Callaway","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2023, June 14). 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