{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:43:00Z","timestamp":1760143380152,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["P18668-B05","P21796-B20","P23595-B20","150296\/2024-0","2016\/23306-6","2019\/03425-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P18668-B05","P21796-B20","P23595-B20","150296\/2024-0","2016\/23306-6","2019\/03425-9"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["P18668-B05","P21796-B20","P23595-B20","150296\/2024-0","2016\/23306-6","2019\/03425-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P18668-B05","P21796-B20","P23595-B20","150296\/2024-0","2016\/23306-6","2019\/03425-9"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["P18668-B05","P21796-B20","P23595-B20","150296\/2024-0","2016\/23306-6","2019\/03425-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P18668-B05","P21796-B20","P23595-B20","150296\/2024-0","2016\/23306-6","2019\/03425-9"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contagious agalactia (CA) is a serious multietiological disease whose classic etiological agent is Mycoplasma agalactiae and which causes high morbidity and mortality rates in infected herds. CA is classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health due to its significant worldwide economic impact on livestock, primarily involving goat and sheep farms. The emergence of atypical symptoms and strains of M. agalactiae in wildlife ungulates reestablishes its highly plastic genome and is also of great epidemiological significance. Antimicrobial therapy is the main form of control, although several factors, such as intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the selection of resistant strains, must be considered. Available vaccines are few and mostly inefficient. The virulence and pathogenicity mechanisms of M. agalactiae mainly rely on surface molecules that have direct contact with the host. Because of this, they are essential for the development of vaccines. This review highlights the currently available vaccines and their limitations and the development of new vaccine possibilities, especially considering the challenge of antigenic variation and dynamic genome in this microorganism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12020156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T09:24:08Z","timestamp":1706865848000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mycoplasma agalactiae Vaccines: Current Status, Hurdles, and Opportunities Due to Advances in Pathogenicity Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2126-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maysa Santos","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Almeida","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0164-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Spergser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Rosengarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8276-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Miranda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6768-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohini","family":"Chopra-Dewasthaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliore, S., Puleio, R., Nicholas, R.A.J., and Loria, G.R. 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