{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:46:41Z","timestamp":1760143601762,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU Malaria Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccines are highly effective tools against infectious diseases and are also considered necessary in the fight against malaria. Vaccine-induced immunity is frequently mediated by antibodies. We have recently conducted a first-in-human clinical trial featuring SumayaVac-1, a malaria vaccine based on the recombinant, full-length merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1FL) formulated with GLA-SE as an adjuvant. Vaccination with MSP1FL was safe and elicited sustainable IgG antibody titers that exceeded those observed in semi-immune populations from Africa. Moreover, IgG antibodies stimulated various Fc-mediated effector mechanisms associated with protection against malaria. However, these functionalities gradually waned. Here, we show that the initial two doses of SumayaVac-1 primarily induced the cytophilic subclasses IgG1 and IgG3. Unexpectedly, a shift in the IgG subclass composition occurred following the third and fourth vaccinations. Specifically, there was a progressive transition to IgG4 antibodies, which displayed a reduced capacity to engage in Fc-mediated effector functions and also exhibited increased avidity. In summary, our analysis of antibody responses to MSP1FL vaccination unveils a temporal shift towards noninflammatory IgG4 antibodies. These findings underscore the importance of considering the impact of IgG subclass composition on vaccine-induced immunity, particularly concerning Fc-mediated effector functions. This knowledge is pivotal in guiding the design of optimal vaccination strategies against malaria, informing decision making for future endeavors in this critical field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12020208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T05:39:56Z","timestamp":1708321196000},"page":"208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IgG Subclass Switch in Volunteers Repeatedly Immunized with the Full-Length Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Veronika","family":"Rathay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"F\u00fcrle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Kiehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Ulmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lanzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Thomson-Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Sumaya-Biotech GmbH & Co. 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