{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T20:13:51Z","timestamp":1774296831844,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IGM-Fiocruz Bahia","award":["0003\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0003\/2019"]}]},{"name":"IGM-Fiocruz Bahia","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation","award":["0003\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0003\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT) #465229\/2014-0\u2014CNPq","award":["0003\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0003\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT) #465229\/2014-0\u2014CNPq","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) INC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0003\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0003\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) INC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["0003\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0003\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["0003\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0003\/2019"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunization with various Leishmania species lacking centrin induces robust immunity against a homologous and heterologous virulent challenge, making centrin mutants a putative candidate for a leishmaniasis vaccine. Centrin is a calcium-binding cytoskeletal protein involved in centrosome duplication in higher eukaryotes and Leishmania spp. lacking centrin are unable to replicate in vivo and are non-pathogenic. We developed a centrin-deficient Leishmania braziliensis (LbCen\u2212\/\u2212) cell line and confirmed its impaired survival following phagocytosis by macrophages. Upon experimental inoculation into BALB\/c mice, LbCen\u2212\/\u2212 failed to induce lesions and parasites were rapidly eliminated. The immune response following inoculation with LbCen\u2212\/\u2212 was characterized by a mixed IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, and IL-10 response and did not confer protection against L. braziliensis infection, distinct from L. major, L. donovani, and L mexicana centrin-deficient mutants. A prime-boost strategy also did not lead to a protective immune response against homologous challenge. On the contrary, immunization with centrin-deficient L. donovani (LdonCen\u2212\/\u2212) cross-protected against L. braziliensis challenge, illustrating the ability of LdonCen\u2212\/\u2212 to induce the Th1-dominant protective immunity needed for leishmaniasis control. In conclusion, while centrin deficiency in L. braziliensis causes attenuation of virulence, and disrupts the ability to cause disease, it fails to stimulate a protective immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12030310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T09:32:30Z","timestamp":1710495150000},"page":"310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunization with centrin-Deficient Leishmania braziliensis Does Not Protect against Homologous Challenge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Francys","family":"Avenda\u00f1o-Rangel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Agra-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro B.","family":"Borba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9048-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valdomiro","family":"Moitinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslye T.","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa O.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1473-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayonara M.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6557-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreenivas","family":"Gannavaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hira L.","family":"Nakhasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7868-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila I.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"15","author":"Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization (2023, February 02). 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