{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:44:55Z","timestamp":1783539895992,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been associated with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at a higher risk of HBV infection reactivation, especially those on biologic therapies. This study intends to compare the effectiveness of the HBV vaccine in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) on infliximab (IFX) compared to those on 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Methods: Patients with UC aged &gt;18 years old were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: patients treated with 5-ASA (control group) and patients treated with IFX (study group). HBV vaccination was administered (20 mcg) following the standard regimen, and Hepatitis B serum antibody (HbsAb) titers were assessed three months after the final dose. The response to HBV vaccines was categorized as an \u2018adequate\u2019 immune response (\u226510 IU\/L) and \u2018effective\u2019 immune response (\u2265100 IU\/L). Results: In our final analysis of 118 patients with UC, 54.2% were male and 52.5% had extensive colitis. HBsAb titer levels were significantly higher in the 5-ASA group (126.7 \u00b1 37.5) compared to the IFX group (55.5 \u00b1 29.4). Stratifying HBsAb levels into two categories (\u226510\u201399 IU\/L and \u2265100 IU\/L) revealed a significantly greater proportion of subjects in the 5-ASA group with levels \u2265100 IU\/L compared to the IFX group (76.7% vs. 12.1%, p &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with UC receiving 5-ASA were 23.94 times more likely to exhibit HBsAb levels \u2265 100 compared to those treated with IFX (OR = 23.94, 95% CI 8.89\u201364.49). Conclusion: The immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with IFX is attenuated compared to those treated with 5-ASA. Therefore, emphasizing the importance of HBV vaccination for patients with IBD before starting anti-TNF therapy, especially IFX, and advocating for screening is imperative in high-risk countries. Determining what levels of HBsAb provide protection and what happens to the levels over time after a booster dose are important clinical questions to be answered by follow-up studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12040364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T13:39:56Z","timestamp":1711546796000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis on Infliximab Is Attenuated Compared to Those on 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Therapies: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2084-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shehab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer University Hospital, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4020-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatema","family":"Alrashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munerah","family":"Alyaseen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer University Hospital, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer University Hospital, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tunrayo","family":"Adekunle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer University Hospital, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alfadhli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer University Hospital, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talat","family":"Bessissow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30333-4","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"5","author":"Alatab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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