{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:47:59Z","timestamp":1777045679707,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Insect venom is one of the most common triggers of anaphylaxis in the elderly population. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) remains the only treatment for Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). However, little is known about the differences in indication for VIT in the group of patients aged 60 years and older. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and diagnostic differences of HVA in elderly patients. The study compared data from patients aged \u2265 60 (N = 132) to data from patients aged from 11 to 60 years (N = 750) in terms of HVA severity, comorbidities, and immunological parameters, namely, intradermal testing (IDT), specific IgE (sIgE) levels against extracts and major allergenic molecules, and serum tryptase level (sBT). The severity of systemic HVA (I\u2013IV M\u00fcller scale) did not differ between adults and seniors. However, the severity of cardiovascular reactions (IV) increased with age, while the frequency of respiratory reactions (III) decreased. No differences were found in the immunological parameters of sensitization IDT, venom-specific IgE concentrations, or sIgE against Api m 1, 2, 4, 5, and 10 between patients below and above 60 or 65 years of age. Differences were noted for sIgE against Ves v1 and Ves v5; they were higher and lower, respectively, in seniors. In the seniors group, sBT levels were higher. Elevated tryptase levels, along with the aging process, can represent a risk factor within this age category. Nevertheless, advanced age does not influence the immunological parameters of immediate HVA reactions, nor does it impact the diagnosis of HVA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12040394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T08:55:12Z","timestamp":1712652912000},"page":"394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Elderly Patients and Insect Venom Allergy: Are the Clinical Pictures and Immunological Parameters of Venom Allergy Age-Dependent?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6035-2986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Paw\u0142owicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department  of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Cha\u0142bi\u0144skiego 1a, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2263-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Bo\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia, Sklodowskiej 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1437-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Dor-Wojnarowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department  of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Cha\u0142bi\u0144skiego 1a, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rosiek-Biegus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department  of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Cha\u0142bi\u0144skiego 1a, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5771-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kope\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department  of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Cha\u0142bi\u0144skiego 1a, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Gillert-Smutnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVth Pediatric Departament, Provincial Specialist Hospital, ul. Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Sobieszcza\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Cha\u0142bi\u0144skiego 1a, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marita","family":"Nittner-Marszalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department  of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Cha\u0142bi\u0144skiego 1a, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00750","article-title":"Anaphylaxis in elderly patients-data from the European anaphylaxis registry","volume":"10","author":"Aurich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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