{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:11:11Z","timestamp":1766178671567,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"WHO","award":["63948","65163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63948","65163"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In 2016, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) recommended the cessation of using type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and OPV, with countries having to switch from the trivalent to bivalent OPV (bOPV) with the addition of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in their routine immunization schedule. The current GPEI strategy 2022\u20132026 includes a bOPV cessation plan and a switch to IPV alone or a combination of vaccine schedules in the future. The focus of our study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of monovalent OPV type 1 (mOPV1) with IPV and IPV-only schedules. Methods: This was a three-arm, multi-center randomized\u2013controlled trial conducted in 2016\u20132017 in India. Participants, at birth, were randomly assigned to the bOPV-IPV (Arm A) or mOPV1-IPV (Arm B) or IPV (Arm C) schedules. Serum specimens collected at birth and at 14, 18, and 22 weeks old were analyzed with a standard microneutralization assay for all the three poliovirus serotypes. Results: The results of 598 participants were analyzed. The type 1 cumulative seroconversion rates four weeks after the completion of the schedule at 18 weeks were 99.5% (97.0\u201399.9), 100.0% (97.9\u2013100.0), and 96.0% (92.0\u201398.1) in Arms A (4bOPV + IPV), B (4mOPV1 + IPV), and C (3IPV), respectively. Type 2 and type 3 seroconversions at 18 weeks were 80.0% (73.7\u201385.1), 76.9% (70.3\u201382.4); 93.2% (88.5\u201396.1), 100.0% (98.0\u2013100.0); and 81.9% (75.6\u201386.8), 99.4% (96.9\u201399.9), respectively, in the three arms. Conclusions: This study shows the high efficacy of different polio vaccines for serotype 1 in all three schedules. The type 1 seroconversion rate of mOPV1 is non-inferior to bOPV. All the vaccines provide high type-specific immunogenicity. The program can adopt the use of different vaccines or schedules depending on the epidemiology from time to time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12040424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T08:22:44Z","timestamp":1713342164000},"page":"424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Immunogenicity of Monovalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 1 (mOPV1) and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) in the EPI Schedule of India"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lalitendu","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Panacea Biotec Ltd., New Delhi 110044, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Jacob","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shailesh D.","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5911-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padmasani Venkat","family":"Ramanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Hospital, Chennai 600116, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharad","family":"Agarkhedkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Padmashree Dr D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune 411018, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7654-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Haldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi 110011, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019, January 23). Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Semiannual Report on the Progress Against the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan, Geneva, Switzerland. Available online: http:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/WHO-Polio-Donor-Report-january-june-2017-web-30112017.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GPEI (2019, January 23). Global Eradication of Wild Poliovirus Type 2 Declared. 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