{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:03:45Z","timestamp":1783008225316,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Highly contagious diseases, such as mumps, are a global concern as new epidemics continue to emerge, even in highly vaccinated populations. The risk of transmission and spread of these viruses is even higher for individuals who are more likely to be exposed, including healthcare workers (HCWs). In healthcare settings, both HCWs and patients are at risk of infection during the care process, potentially leading to nosocomial epidemic outbreaks. Mumps is often underestimated compared with measles and rubella, despite being milder and less likely to spread. In fact, the risk of complications following mumps infection is extremely high, especially if the disease occurs in adulthood. The measles\u2013mumps\u2013rubella (MMR) vaccine has been shown to be an excellent preventive measure. Unfortunately, the mumps component appears to be less effective in inducing immunity than those for measles and rubella (two-dose effectiveness of 85%, 95% and 97%, respectively). The main aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of detectable mumps antibodies (serum IgG antibodies) in a cohort of Italian and foreign HCWs in relation to personal and occupational factors. We included in the study 468 subjects who underwent health surveillance at the Occupational Medicine Unit of the Tor Vergata Polyclinic in Rome during the period from January 2021 to March 2023. In our study, the proportion of HCWs found to be unprotected against mumps was very high (8.3%), and those found to be immune are below the WHO threshold for herd immunity (95%). From our data, it seems essential that all occupational health services carry out an accurate screening with a dose of anti-mumps antibodies to assess serological protection before starting a job, regardless of an individual\u2019s vaccination history. This approach is proving to be beneficial, accurate, as it allows all serologically non-immune individuals to be vaccinated in the workplace, including those who would be protected by their vaccination history but have lost the antibody response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12050522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1715311264000},"page":"522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Questionable Immunity to Mumps among Healthcare Workers in Italy\u2014A Cross-Sectional Serological Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2292-3338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Social, Occupational and Medico-Legal Sciences, Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9434-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Treglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Pallocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Applied Medical Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9943-3276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Passalacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Di Giampaolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Chieti \u201cG. D\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Coppeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.34415","article-title":"Low vaccination coverage among Italian healthcare workers in 2013","volume":"11","author":"Fortunato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1564442","article-title":"Pre-vaccination IgG screening for mumps is the most cost-effectiveness immunization strategy among Health Care Workers","volume":"15","author":"Coppeta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. 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