{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:25:13Z","timestamp":1780572313167,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L. under a Washington University of St. Louis contract to IUM lab and NIH","award":["R01 AG052494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG052494"]}]},{"name":"Inmunotek S.L. under a Washington University of St. Louis contract to IUM lab and NIH","award":["P20 DK119840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 DK119840"]}]},{"name":"Inmunotek S.L. under a Washington University of St. Louis contract to IUM lab and NIH","award":["R56 AG064634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AG064634"]}]},{"name":"Inmunotek S.L. under a Washington University of St. Louis contract to IUM lab and NIH","award":["T32 GM007200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM007200"]}]},{"name":"Inmunotek S.L. under a Washington University of St. Louis contract to IUM lab and NIH","award":["T32 AI007172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007172"]}]},{"name":"Inmunotek S.L. under a Washington University of St. Louis contract to IUM lab and NIH","award":["995080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["995080"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm, ALF project","award":["R01 AG052494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG052494"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm, ALF project","award":["P20 DK119840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 DK119840"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm, ALF project","award":["R56 AG064634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AG064634"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm, ALF project","award":["T32 GM007200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM007200"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm, ALF project","award":["T32 AI007172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007172"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm, ALF project","award":["995080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["995080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MV140 is an inactivated whole-cell bacterial mucosal vaccine with proven clinical efficacy against recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). These infections are primarily caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains, which are unique in their virulence factors and remarkably diverse. MV140 contains a non-UPEC strain, suggesting that it may induce an immune response against different UPEC-induced UTIs in patients. To verify this, we experimentally evaluated the cellular and humoral responses to UTI89, a prototypical UPEC strain, in mice vaccinated with MV140, as well as the degree of protection achieved in a UPEC UTI89 model of acute cystitis. The results show that both cellular (Th1\/Th17) and antibody (IgG\/IgA) responses to UTI89 were induced in MV140-immunized mice. MV140 vaccination resulted in an early increased clearance of UTI89 viable bacteria in the bladder and urine following transurethral infection. This was accompanied by a highly significant increase in CD4+ T cells in the bladder and an increase in urinary neutrophils. Collectively, our results support that MV140 induces cross-reactive humoral and cellular immune responses and cross-protection against UPEC strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12050535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1715677177000},"page":"535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["MV140 Mucosal Vaccine Induces Targeted Immune Response for Enhanced Clearance of Uropathogenic E. coli in Experimental Urinary Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Saz-Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6632-1163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne Morris","family":"Ligon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Mar\u00eda","family":"Diez-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ayuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumitra","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8338-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Vi\u00f1uela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Real-Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6515-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Conejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelie","family":"Brauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0134-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Subiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira Uppugunduri","family":"Mysorekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2013.09.003","article-title":"Urinary tract infection syndromes: Occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden","volume":"28","author":"Foxman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. 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