{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:25:55Z","timestamp":1788585955738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":227,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA","award":["2016108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016108"]}]},{"name":"Australasia (AIFA) Primary Immunodeficiency Clinical Research Grant","award":["2016108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016108"]}]},{"name":"Australasian Government Medical Research Future Fund","award":["2016108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016108"]}]},{"name":"Jeffrey Modell Foundation","award":["2016108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has heightened concerns about immunological protection, especially for individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccines elicit strong immune responses in healthy individuals, their effectiveness in IEI patients remains unclear, particularly against new viral variants and vaccine formulations. This uncertainty has led to anxiety, prolonged self-isolation, and repeated vaccinations with uncertain benefits among IEI patients. Despite some level of immune response from vaccination, the definition of protective immunity in IEI individuals is still unknown. Given their susceptibility to severe COVID-19, strategies such as immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to provide passive immunity, and protection against both current and emerging variants. This review examines the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody-based therapies in IEI patients, their capacity to recognize viral variants, and the necessary advances required for the ongoing protection of people with IEIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12060675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T07:33:20Z","timestamp":1718696000000},"page":"675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Chang-Rabley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4161-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menno C.","family":"van Zelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9928-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily E.","family":"Ricotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniform Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0240-4370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily S. J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, January 05). COVID-19 Data Explorer\u2014Our World in Data. 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