{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T22:55:20Z","timestamp":1772578520289,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza is an important respiratory viral pathogen in adults, with secondary bacterial pneumonia being a common complication. While pneumococcal vaccines can prevent pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, whether they can also prevent the severe in-hospital outcomes among patients hospitalized for influenza has not been examined. A territory-wide retrospective study was conducted in Hong Kong, which included all adult patients having chronic airway diseases (asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) hospitalized for influenza and who had received seasonal influenza vaccine. The occurrence of secondary bacterial pneumonia, mortality, and other severe in-hospital outcomes were compared among subjects with or without pneumococcal vaccination. There was a total of 3066 eligible patients who were hospitalized for influenza in public hospitals in Hong Kong from 1 January 2016 to 30 June 2023. Completed pneumococcal vaccination with PSV23\/PCV13 conferred protection against secondary bacterial pneumonia, all-cause mortality, and respiratory cause of mortality with adjusted odds ratios of 0.74 (95% CI = 0.57\u20130.95, p = 0.019), 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03\u20130.53, p = 0.005), and 0.04 (95% CI = 0.00\u20130.527, p = 0.0038), respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12070704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T10:41:12Z","timestamp":1719225672000},"page":"704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Protective Effects from Prior Pneumococcal Vaccination in Patients with Chronic Airway Diseases during Hospitalization for Influenza\u2014A Territory-Wide Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang-Chun","family":"Kwok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Christopher","family":"Lung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence Chi-Chun","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desmond Yat-Hin","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6028-5640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Fung","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Ki","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0004-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Chi-Leung","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Sau-Man","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4499-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Chung-Man","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ITC161","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202111160","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"174","author":"Uyeki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. 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