{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:34:57Z","timestamp":1782534897942,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease endemic in many parts of the world. Characteristic clinical manifestations of CL include the formation of ulcerative skin lesions that can inflict life-long disability if left untreated. Although drugs are available, they are unaffordable and out of reach for individuals who need them the most. Developing a highly cost-efficient CL vaccine could address this problem but such a vaccine remains unavailable. Here, we developed a chimeric influenza virus-like particle expressing the Leishmania amazonensis promastigote surface antigen (LaPSA-VLP). LaPSA-VLPs were self-assembled in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cell lines using the baculovirus expression system. After characterizing the vaccines and confirming successful VLP assembly, BALB\/c mice were immunized with these vaccines for efficacy assessment. Sera acquired from mice upon subcutaneous immunization with the LaPSA-VLP specifically interacted with the L. amazonensis soluble total antigens. LaPSA-VLP-immunized mice elicited significantly greater quantities of parasite-specific IgG from the spleens, popliteal lymph nodes, and footpads than unimmunized mice. LaPSA-VLP immunization also enhanced the proliferation of B cell populations in the spleens of mice and significantly lessened the CL symptoms, notably the footpad swelling and IFN-\u03b3-mediated inflammatory response. Overall, immunizing mice with the LaPSA-VLPs prevented mice from developing severe CL symptoms, signifying their developmental potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12070793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T14:59:50Z","timestamp":1721314790000},"page":"793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immunizing Mice with Influenza Virus-like Particles Expressing the Leishmania amazonensis Promastigote Surface Antigen Alleviates Inflammation in Footpad"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gi-Deok","family":"Eom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Back","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Malaria, Paik Institute of Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keon-Woong","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Shi","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"392","author":"Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00046-2","article-title":"The biology and control of phlebotomine sand flies","volume":"17","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. 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