{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:29:51Z","timestamp":1791581391766,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease due to influenza viruses, causing a relevant number of illnesses and deaths each year worldwide. Influenza is a preventable disease by vaccination. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Italy through the analysis of data from the epidemiological and virological RespiVirNet surveillance system for the season 2010\/2011 to 2023\/2024 to identify the epidemiological key points to plan the most appropriate vaccination strategies. The cumulative and maximum weekly incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) and epidemic period (beginning, end, duration in weeks) were assessed in the pre-pandemic period (2010\/2011\u20132019\/2020) and they were compared to the pandemic and post-pandemic one. In all seasons, children reported the highest incidence values of ILI and longer epidemic periods in contrast with the older population. The epidemic seasons 2020\/2021 and 2021\/2022 had abnormal trends while in the last seasons 2022\/2023 and 2023\/2024 the epidemiological and virological trends of ILI were confirmed as reported in the pre-pandemic period but with high intensity. Influenza virus A was predominant: the H3N2 subtype circulated more than virus H1N1pdm09. In the few seasons when influenza virus B was the most frequent influenza agent, it co-circulated with influenza virus A. The monitoring of cases is the fundamental tool to better understand the epidemiology of influenza and to optimize future preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12080841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T14:31:07Z","timestamp":1721917867000},"page":"841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment of Epidemiological Trend of Influenza-Like Illness in Italy from 2010\/2011 to 2023\/2024 Season: Key Points to Optimize Future Vaccination Strategies against Influenza"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9695-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Boccalini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6013-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Bechini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, May 24). Influenza Seasonal. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/influenza-seasonal#tab=tab_1."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, May 24). 70 Years of GISRS\u2014The Global Influenza Surveillance & Response System. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/feature-stories\/detail\/seventy-years-of-gisrs---the-global-influenza-surveillance---response-system."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2024, May 24). Seasonal Influenza. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/seasonal-influenza."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute (2024, May 24). Prevenzione e Controllo dell\u2019Influenza: Raccomandazioni per la Stagione 2023\u20132024, Available online: https:\/\/www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it\/norme\/renderNormsanPdf?anno=2023&codLeg=93294&parte=1%20&serie=null."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7202a1","article-title":"Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2014United States, 2023\u20132024 Influenza Season","volume":"72","author":"Grohskopf","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 (2024, May 24). RespiVirNet\u2014Sorveglianza Integrata dei Virus Respiratori. Available online: https:\/\/respivirnet.iss.it\/Default.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2f."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"DemoIstat (2024, May 24). Demografia in Cifre. Popolazione Residente per Sesso, et\u00e0 e Stato Civile al 1\u00b0 Gennaio 2024. Available online: https:\/\/demo.istat.it\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonova, E.N., Rycroft, C.E., Ambrose, C.S., Heikkinen, T., and Principi, N. (2012). Burden of paediatric influenza in Western Europe: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-968"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a038430","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038430","article-title":"Influenza in Children","volume":"11","author":"Nayak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30129-0","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"390","author":"Paules","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001822","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.46.2001822","article-title":"Virological surveillance of influenza viruses in the WHO European Region in 2019\/20\u2014Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"25","author":"Melidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, July 15). Recommended Composition of Influenza Virus Vaccines for Use in the 2024\u20132025 Northern Hemisphere Influenza Season February 2024. Available online: https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/influenza\/who-influenza-recommendations\/vcm-northern-hemisphere-recommendation-2024-2025\/recommended-composition-of-influenza-virus-vaccines-for-use-in-the-2024-2025-northern-hemisphere-influenza-season.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute (2024, June 07). Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale 2023\u20132025, Available online: https:\/\/www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it\/norme\/dettaglioAtto.spring?id=95963&page=newsett."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute (2024, June 07). Influenza. Coperture Vaccinali, Available online: https:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/portale\/influenza\/dettaglioContenutiInfluenza.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=679&area=influenza&menu=vuoto."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/12\/8\/841\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:23:32Z","timestamp":1760109812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/12\/8\/841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines12080841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines12080841","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]}}}