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So far, H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b has reached an almost global distribution, with the exception of Australia and New Zealand for autochthonous cases. H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b, derived from the broad-host-range A\/Goose\/Guangdong\/1\/96 (H5N1) lineage, has evolved, adapted, and spread to species other than birds, with potential mammal-to-mammal transmission. Many public health agencies consider H5N1 influenza a real pandemic threat. In this sense, we analyzed H5N1 hemagglutinin sequences from recent outbreaks in animals, clinical samples, antigenic prototypes of candidate vaccine viruses, and licensed human vaccines for H5N1 with the aim of shedding light on the development of an H5N1 vaccine suitable for a pandemic response, should one occur in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12091044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T05:03:04Z","timestamp":1726117384000},"page":"1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Recent Occurrence, Diversity, and Candidate Vaccine Virus Selection for Pandemic H5N1: Alert Is in the Air"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7941-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yordanka","family":"Medina-Armenteros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro BioIndustrial, Instituto Butantan and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cajado-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro BioIndustrial, Instituto Butantan and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"das Neves Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro BioIndustrial, Instituto Butantan and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Apetito Akamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro BioIndustrial, Instituto Butantan and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Lee Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro BioIndustrial, Instituto Butantan and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, May 26). 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