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Inducing robust and long-lasting antibody responses is one of the main targets of an HIV vaccine. The delivery of HIV envelope glycoproteins (Env) using nanoparticle (NP) platforms has been shown to elicit better immunogenicity than soluble HIV Env. In this paper, we describe the development of a nanoparticle-based vaccine decorated with HIV Env using the SpyCatcher\/SpyTag system. The Env utilised in this study, CAP255, was derived from a transmitted founder virus isolated from a patient who developed broadly neutralising antibodies. Negative stain and cryo-electron microscopy analyses confirmed the assembly and stability of the mi3 into uniform icosahedral NPs surrounded by regularly spaced CAP255 gp140 Env trimers. A three-dimensional reconstruction of CAP255 gp140 SpyTag\u2013SpyCatcher mi3 clearly showed Env trimers projecting from the centre of each of the pentagonal dodecahedral faces of the NP. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the formation of SpyCatcher pentamers on the dodecahedral faces of mi3 NPs. To investigate the immunogenicity, rabbits were primed with two doses of DNA vaccines expressing the CAP255 gp150 and a mosaic subtype C Gag and boosted with three doses of the NP-developed autologous Tier 2 CAP255 neutralising antibodies (Nabs) and low levels of heterologous CAP256SU NAbs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12091063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T09:43:13Z","timestamp":1726652593000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Development of a Two-Component Nanoparticle Vaccine Displaying an HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein that Elicits Tier 2 Neutralising Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kegomoditswe","family":"Malebo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7350-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phindile","family":"Ximba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiniso","family":"Mkhize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa"},{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8657-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanele","family":"Cingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4269-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thandeka","family":"Moyo-Gwete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa"},{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny L.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa"},{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa"},{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5467-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Lise","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9162-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosamund","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00774-z","article-title":"Enhancing anti-viral neutralization response to immunization with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunogens","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiller, J., and Chackerian, B. 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