{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:59:26Z","timestamp":1775559566893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MD Anderson\u2019s Institutional Survivorship Research","award":["2021-00059642-Y1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-00059642-Y1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients undergoing immune effector cell therapy (IECT) are at high risk for infections. We assessed seropositivity against pneumococcus, tetanus, and diphtheria in patients before and after IECT and the patients\u2019 response to vaccination. We enrolled patients who underwent IECT from January 2020 to March 2022. Antibody levels for diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumococcus were measured before IECT, at 1 month, and 3\u20136 months after. Eligible patients were vaccinated after IECT. In non-seroprotected patients, we discontinued testing. Before IECT, most patients had seroprotective antibody levels against tetanus (68\/69, 99%) and diphtheria (65\/69, 94%), but fewer did against pneumococcus (24\/67, 36%). After IECT, all patients had seroprotective antibody levels for tetanus at 1 month (68\/68) and 3\u20136 months (56\/56). For diphtheria, 65\/65 patients (100%) had seroprotective antibody levels at 1 month, and 48\/53 (91%) did at 3\u20136 months. For pneumococcus, seroprotective antibody levels were identified in 91% (21\/23) of patients at 1 month and 79% (15\/19) at 3\u20136 months following IECT. Fifteen patients received a pneumococcal vaccine after IECT, but none achieved seroprotective response. One patient received the tetanus-diphtheria vaccine and had a seroprotective antibody response. Because some patients experience loss of immunity after IECT, studies evaluating vaccination strategies post-IECT are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12091070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T03:34:20Z","timestamp":1726716860000},"page":"1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Humoral Immunity and Antibody Responses against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pneumococcus after Immune Effector Cell Therapies: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Angelidakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy F.","family":"Chemaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranoti V.","family":"Sahasrabhojane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Morado-Aramburo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micah M.","family":"Bhatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Pathology\/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Shpall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitra","family":"Hosing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preetesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma\/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris Michael","family":"Mahadeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4424-283X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fareed","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Elhajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Wargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Jenq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadim J.","family":"Ajami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Partow","family":"Kebriaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ella J.","family":"Ariza-Heredia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6711","article-title":"CAR T cell immunotherapy for human 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