{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T15:13:36Z","timestamp":1769958816340,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The receptor binding motif (RBM) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is critical for viral entry into host cells. Development of a vaccine targeting this region is a promising strategy for COVID-19 prevention. To enhance the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, we developed an adenoviral vector expressing the RBM from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that fused to the human Fc (hFc) domain. Methods: The recombinant RBM_hFc fusion protein was successfully cloned into the pacAd5CMV-N-pA (pAd5) vector and expressed in HEK293 cells as a ~40 kDa protein. A recombinant adenovirus encoding RBM_hFc was subsequently generated and confirmed by cytopathic effect assay. Results: Western blot analysis verified the expression of RBM_hFc in the adenovirus (AdV). ELISA assays, validated for IgG detection, demonstrated a twofold increase in IgG antibody levels (M\u20131.090 at 450 nm; SD\u2014\u00b10.326; and 95% CI\u20140.250 [0.839 to 1.340]) in sera from BALB\/c mice immunized with Ad\/RBM_hFc, compared to the negative control group. Result suggests a robust humoral immune response induced by the Ad\/RBM_hFc vaccine. Moreover, ELISpot assays demonstrated a tenfold increase in IFN-\u03b3 -producing cells (M\u2014440 spot-forming cells; SD\u2014\u00b1124.976; and 95% CI\u201475.522 [364.478 to 515.522]) in mice immunized with AdV\/RBM_hFc compared to the negative control group. Result proved that AdV\/RBM_hFc-stimulated a robust cellular immune response in animal model. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the RBM_hFc fusion protein enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses. These results suggest the potential of adenoviral vectors carrying RBM_hFc as vaccine candidates. However, comprehensive evaluation of the protective efficacy of these adenoviral vectors will necessitate rigorous experimental studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12111247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T09:49:14Z","timestamp":1730454554000},"page":"1247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhanced Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Elicited by Adenoviral Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Motif Fused to Human Fc"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yea-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1186-6454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maheswaran","family":"Easwaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Sam","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6162-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingjuan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6805-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Jin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, A., Hasan, A., Nejadi Babadaei, M.M., Bloukh, S.H., Chowdhury, M.E.H., Sharifi, M., Haghighat, S., and Falahati, M. 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