{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:44:55Z","timestamp":1791247495046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and is associated with an increased risk of asthma development. Palivizumab, an RSV prophylactic, reduces RSV-related hospitalizations in high-risk infants, but its impact on long-term asthma outcomes remains unclear. This study compares asthma-related healthcare utilization in preschool children born prematurely between those who received Palivizumab (the Prophylaxis (+) group) and those who did not (the Prophylaxis (\u2013) group). Methods: This nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study utilized data from Clalit Healthcare Services in Israel. The study included children born between 32 + 6 and 34 + 6 weeks of gestational age from 2011 to 2018. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were performed to compare the Prophylaxis (+) and the Prophylaxis (\u2013) groups. Results: In total, 4503 children were included, with 3287 in the Prophylaxis (+) group and 1216 in the Prophylaxis (\u2013) group. Palivizumab administration was associated with reduced hospitalizations for RSV bronchiolitis (1.8% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.003). However, no significant differences were observed in multivariate analysis for long-term asthma outcomes, including asthma diagnosis (OR = 1.04, CI = 0.84\u20131.30, p = 0.7) or emergency department visits for asthma (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.54\u20131.17, p = 0.2). Similarly, Palivizumab administration was not associated with the purchase of short-acting beta-agonists (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.98\u20131.32, p = 0.084), inhaled corticosteroids (OR = 1.1, CI = 0.93\u20131.32, p = 0.3), or oral corticosteroids (OR = 1.09, CI = 0.94\u20131.26, p = 0.3). Conclusions: While Palivizumab effectively reduces RSV acute bronchiolitis in preterm infants, it does not significantly impact long-term preschool asthma-related healthcare utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12111269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T03:52:07Z","timestamp":1731297127000},"page":"1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Impact of Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis on Preschool Childhood Asthma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0529-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah Ora","family":"Hasson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Bachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6064-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itai","family":"Hazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inbal","family":"Golan-Tripto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Saban Children\u2019s Hospital, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8400101, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviv","family":"Goldbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Saban Children\u2019s Hospital, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8400101, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Saban Children\u2019s Hospital, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8400101, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Hazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Saban Children\u2019s Hospital, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8400101, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8368-9","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus-a comprehensive review","volume":"45","author":"Borchers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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Rep."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/12\/11\/1269\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:29:37Z","timestamp":1760113777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/12\/11\/1269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines12111269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines12111269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]}}}