{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:35:59Z","timestamp":1792589759227,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["92269205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92269205"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The biological progression of aging encompasses complex physiological processes. As individuals grow older, their physiological functions gradually decline, including compromised immune responses, leading to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence significantly elevates disease susceptibility and severity in older populations while concurrently compromising vaccine-induced immune responses. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the implications of immunosenescence for vaccine-induced immunity and facilitate the development of optimized vaccination strategies for geriatric populations, with specific focus on COVID-19, influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines. This review further elucidates the relationship between immunosenescence and vaccine-induced immunity. This review presents a systematic evaluation of intervention strategies designed to enhance vaccine responses in older populations, encompassing adjuvant utilization, antigen doses, vaccination frequency modification, inflammatory response modulation, and lifestyle interventions, including physical activity and nutritional modifications. These strategies are explored for their potential to improve current vaccine efficacy and inform the development of next-generation vaccines for geriatric populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12111289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:53:05Z","timestamp":1731991985000},"page":"1289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Impact of Immunosenescence on Vaccine Immune Responses and Countermeasures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7033-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengcai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of Aging: An Expanding Universe","volume":"186","author":"Blasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2009.00927.x","article-title":"The Aging of the Immune System","volume":"22","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl. 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