{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:35:38Z","timestamp":1787956538145,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains an area of active research, with genetic and environmental factors being investigated. This meta-analysis aimed to determine if rotavirus vaccination influences the onset of T1D in children. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, two researchers independently searched multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, for studies published in English from 2006 to September 2024. They used the search terms \u201crotavirus vaccination\u201d and \u201ctype 1 diabetes\u201d, and assessed study quality using the ROBINS-E tool. The analysis pooled hazard ratios (HRs) from selected studies using a fixed-effects model, with statistical significance set at p &lt; 0.05 and heterogeneity evaluated using the I2 statistic. Results: A systematic search identified 90 records, of which 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies, encompassing a total population of 4,427,291 children from developed countries, suggest a protective effect of rotavirus vaccination against T1D. The pooled HR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78\u20130.98), indicating a 13% lower risk of T1D in vaccinated children compared to unvaccinated ones (p = 0.03). Moderate heterogeneity was noted (\u03c72 = 10.02, df = 4, p = 0.04, I2 = 60%). Conclusions: This analysis suggests that rotavirus vaccination may reduce the risk of T1D in children from high-income Western countries. While these findings are promising, they may not be generalizable to settings outside similar advanced healthcare systems. Further research is needed to confirm the protective effects of rotavirus vaccination against T1D across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1736406047000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rotavirus Vaccination Protects Against Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 in Children in Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Kosmeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achilleas","family":"Klapas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Street, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"Evripidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Street, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanthia","family":"Kantza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Serbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Street, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0032-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterini","family":"Siomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Street, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1090-3698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fani","family":"Ladomenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Street, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05571-8","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes in 2017: Global estimates of incident and prevalent cases in children and adults","volume":"64","author":"Green","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0767","article-title":"Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes in youth: Twenty years of the Philadelphia Pediatric Diabetes Registry","volume":"36","author":"Lipman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies","volume":"375","author":"Sarwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70113-X","article-title":"Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis","volume":"1","author":"Bourne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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