{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:32:10Z","timestamp":1772253130855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Starna Therapeutics","award":["STR-V002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STR-V002"]}]},{"name":"Starna Therapeutics","award":["SBK2023070025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBK2023070025"]}]},{"name":"Starna Therapeutics","award":["ZXL2023267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXL2023267"]}]},{"name":"Starna Therapeutics","award":["NCTIB2023XB02001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCTIB2023XB02001"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project","award":["STR-V002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STR-V002"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project","award":["SBK2023070025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBK2023070025"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project","award":["ZXL2023267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXL2023267"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project","award":["NCTIB2023XB02001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCTIB2023XB02001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018556","name":"Suzhou Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STR-V002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STR-V002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018556","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018556","name":"Suzhou Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SBK2023070025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBK2023070025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018556","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018556","name":"Suzhou Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZXL2023267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXL2023267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018556","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018556","name":"Suzhou Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCTIB2023XB02001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCTIB2023XB02001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018556","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u201cOpen Competition to Select the Best Candidates\u201d Key Technology Program for Cell and Gene Therapy of NCTIB","award":["STR-V002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STR-V002"]}]},{"name":"\u201cOpen Competition to Select the Best Candidates\u201d Key Technology Program for Cell and Gene Therapy of NCTIB","award":["SBK2023070025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBK2023070025"]}]},{"name":"\u201cOpen Competition to Select the Best Candidates\u201d Key Technology Program for Cell and Gene Therapy of NCTIB","award":["ZXL2023267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXL2023267"]}]},{"name":"\u201cOpen Competition to Select the Best Candidates\u201d Key Technology Program for Cell and Gene Therapy of NCTIB","award":["NCTIB2023XB02001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCTIB2023XB02001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Rabies is a preventable zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV) with a high mortality rate. Most vaccines on the market or under development have issues, such as low single-dose neutralization titer, complex processes, and high costs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the successful development of mRNA vaccines opened up a new avenue for preventive vaccines. As a new technology, mRNA has higher scalability. Methods: In this study, we designed an mRNA encoding the RV-G protein, encapsulated by our own muscle-targeting lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and evaluated the expression of the RV-G protein in vitro, its immunogenicity, and its protection against virus infection in vivo. Results: The results show that RV-G mRNA was significantly expressed in vitro. High Virus-IgG binding titers and virus-neutralizing antibody titers (VNT) were induced by immunization with RV-G mRNA-LNP. Additionally, our results showed that the RV-G mRNA vaccine is better than commercially available vaccines in mice. Conclusions: Our research highlights the potential of the mRNA-LNP platform in developing next-generation rabies vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:47:17Z","timestamp":1740379637000},"page":"217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunogenicity of Rabies Virus G-Protein mRNA Formulated with Muscle-Targeting Lipid Nanoparticles in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Starna Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huarong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starna Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueliang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starna Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starna Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongkuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starna Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2260","article-title":"The cell biology of rabies virus: Using stealth to reach the brain","volume":"8","author":"Schnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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Gene Ther."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/13\/3\/217\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:40:14Z","timestamp":1760028014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/13\/3\/217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines13030217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines13030217","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.01.06.631441","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]}}}