{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:39:44Z","timestamp":1790638784473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Polio is an infectious viral disease that can cause paralytic complications and death. Despite global efforts to eradicate wild poliovirus, there are ongoing outbreaks globally and the mutated form of paralytic polio, i.e., circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus, is present in Nigeria. Low vaccination uptake and poor sanitation are responsible for outbreaks in countries where polio had previously been eliminated. This review identifies policies, strategies and interventions for polio eradication and assesses their impact on polio vaccine uptake and eradication efforts in Nigeria. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted and guided by the Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome (PICO) framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart, with identified articles appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program appraisal tool. Results: A total of 393 articles were identified, of which 26 articles were included. Key findings indicate polio intervention services, policies and mass campaigns have had a significant impact on eradicating WPV in Nigeria. However, there are gaps in variant polio eradication efforts, with low vaccination uptake, poor surveillance, vaccine hesitancy, lack of community engagement, weaknesses in the healthcare system and other challenges in Nigeria regionally and nationally, posing a risk to public health that threatens the eradication of all forms of polio in Nigeria. Conclusions: Recommendations are suggested for changes to practice and policy to improve polio vaccination uptake in Nigeria and globally in the short-term (1\u20132 years), mid-term (3\u20134 years) and long-term (5+ years). Collaborative targeted polio vaccination programs and funding of public health infrastructure are imperative globally alongside national strategic policy intervention frameworks to strengthen the World Health Organization Global Polio Eradication Initiative and improve vaccine uptake and monitoring of vaccine hesitancy. Simultaneous health-literate community engagement is needed to achieve and maintain polio eradication efforts, which must be integrated into national health frameworks and coordinated across the African continent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T03:40:12Z","timestamp":1740454812000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Poliomyelitis in Nigeria: Impact of Vaccination Services and Polio Intervention and Eradication Efforts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Obinna V.","family":"Eze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0462-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna C.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2328-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, January 17). 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