{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:21:26Z","timestamp":1791246086850,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Federation government funding","award":["972-p"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["972-p"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Specific prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is the main prerequisite for a radical reduction in the incidence of these infections in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR). An increase in the number of seronegative individuals observed in recent years has led to an increase in measles incidence. This is directly related to a decrease in collective immunity, which provides protection for the population only in conditions of a high density of immunized individuals and their uniform distribution in the population. The only way to estimate the number of immunized individuals is by conducting serological surveys of collective immunity. Aim of the study: The aim was to study the level of collective immunity to the MMR viruses in the KR. Materials and methods: This study involved a cohort of 6617 residents (volunteers) aged 1 to 70+ years, formed in accordance with the Rospotrebnadzor program \u201cAssessment of collective immunity to vaccine-preventable and other relevant infections\u201d and stratified by age and region of residence. During the study, participants filled out a questionnaire and gave venous blood samples to determine IgG antibodies to MMR viruses (ELISA using certified Russian test systems). Results: In December 2023, collective immunity ensured epidemiological well-being only with respect to rubella. The volunteer seropositivity was 94.2% (95% CI: 93.7\u201394.8). The average measles seropositivity was 78.9% (95% CI: 77.9\u201379.9). It was significantly lower in children aged 1\u201317 years and significantly higher than the cohort average in individuals aged \u226518 years. The average mumps seropositivity was 76.4% (95% CI: 75.3\u201377.4), with the minimum level noted among individuals aged 12\u201329 years (63.8%; 95% CI: 61.4\u201366.2). The maximum levels of mumps seropositivity were noted among children aged 6\u201311 years and older adults who had likely experienced mumps (50\u201370+ years). Seroprevalence distributions by activity correlated with age distributions (all infections). Conclusions: The system of targeted prophylaxis of vaccine-preventable infections adopted in the KR has contributed to the formation of a high level of rubella collective immunity and, to a lesser extent, measles and mumps immunity. The recent trend towards increases in measles and mumps incidence in the KR requires additional efforts to increase collective immunity to these infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T02:48:37Z","timestamp":1740710917000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Collective Immunity to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in the Kyrgyz Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anna Yurievna","family":"Popova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 127994 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2723-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viacheslav Sergeevich","family":"Smirnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana Alexandrovna","family":"Egorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuridin Sharipovich","family":"Nurmatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, National Institute of Public Health, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika Marsovna","family":"Milichkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina Victorovna","family":"Drozd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9835-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulzada Saparbekovna","family":"Dadanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunoprophylaxis, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulnara Dzhumadylovna","family":"Zhumagulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunoprophylaxis, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina Mikhailovna","family":"Danilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zharkynbek Orozbekovich","family":"Kasymbekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunoprophylaxis, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria Georgievna","family":"Drobyshevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulsunay Zhumabaevna","family":"Sattarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oyuna Bayarovna","family":"Zhimbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7086-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward Smith","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanylay Nuridinovna","family":"Nuridinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valery Andreevich","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altynai Keneshpekovna","family":"Urmanbetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areg Artemovich","family":"Totolian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popova, A.Y., Smirnov, V.S., Andreeva, E.E., Babura, E.A., Balakhonov, S.V., Bashketova, N.S., Bugorkova, S.A., Bulanov, M.V., Valeullina, N.N., and Vetrov, V.V. 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