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Although PRRSV is widely prevalent worldwide, the absence of effective vaccines has made it one of the major pathogens threatening the sustainable development of the global swine industry. Vaccination remains one of the most effective measures for controlling pathogen infections. However, the continuous genetic recombination and mutation of PRRSV demand more comprehensive strategies to address emerging threats, while ensuring the efficacy and safety of vaccines. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in PRRSV vaccine research, highlighting the importance of understanding the unique strengths and limitations of various vaccines in developing effective therapeutic approaches and vaccination strategies. Moreover, the development of adjuvants and antiviral drugs as adjuncts to combat PRRSV infection offers significant potential for enhancing disease control efforts. With the advancement of technologies such as proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) and mRNA, new avenues for controlling PRRSV and other pathogens are emerging, offering considerable hope. Ultimately, the goal of these vaccine developments is to alleviate the impact of PRRSV on animal health and the profitability of the swine industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:12:33Z","timestamp":1740737553000},"page":"260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Challenges and Advances in Vaccine Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhe","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"PRRSV, the virus","volume":"31","author":"Meulenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. 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