{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:57:53Z","timestamp":1790456273784,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordenac\u0327\u00e3o de Aperfeic\u0327oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES), Ministry of Education\u2014Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordenac\u0327\u00e3o de Aperfeic\u0327oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES), Ministry of Education\u2014Brazil","award":["314209\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314209\/2021-2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["314209\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314209\/2021-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Public Notice PAPQ, PROPESP\/FADESP of the Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Public Notice PAPQ, PROPESP\/FADESP of the Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["314209\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314209\/2021-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The evaluation of the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised individuals, such as people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWH), still is of great global importance. The present study aimed to describe the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in PLWH vaccinated and unvaccinated against COVID-19 in the city of Bel\u00e9m, northern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 510 PLWH was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and subsequently underwent an anti-SARS-CoV-2 enzyme immunoassay for the detection of IgG antibodies, as well as quantification of CD4+ T lymphocytes and HIV-1 plasma viral load. Results: Most participants were male (70%), aged 25\u201350 years (72%), single (71.4%), and low-income (50.4%). The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 94.3% (481\/510), with most vaccinated individuals having received at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. An association was observed between antibody levels and the number of vaccine doses, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, CD4+\/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio, and HIV-1 viral load. Conclusions: PLWH developed high levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving the vaccine, demonstrating that COVID-19 vaccination is of fundamental importance for the protection against severe COVID-19 in this specific group of immunocompromised individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:05:46Z","timestamp":1741331146000},"page":"283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV\/AIDS in a Northern Brazil: Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carolinne de Jesus Santos e","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0312-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Roberto de Souza","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Mayara da Silva","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Fran\u00e7a","family":"das Merc\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eduarda de Sousa","family":"Avelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo Oliveira","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4325-3695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Bonfim","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Ministry of Brazil, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Brasil-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Ministry of Brazil, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldemir Branco","family":"Oliveira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study and Research Group on Vulnerable Populations, Institute for Coastal Studies, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bragan\u00e7a 68600-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Carlos","family":"Ros\u00e1rio Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-4715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Fernando Almeida","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Early Insights into COVID-19 in Persons Living with HIV and Cardiovascular Manifestations","volume":"2","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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