{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T21:53:26Z","timestamp":1772315606322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["1U01AI141919-01 NIAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01AI141919-01 NIAID"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["2U01AI141919-01 NIAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U01AI141919-01 NIAID"]}]},{"name":"GSK","award":["1U01AI141919-01 NIAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01AI141919-01 NIAID"]}]},{"name":"GSK","award":["2U01AI141919-01 NIAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U01AI141919-01 NIAID"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and age impact immune responses to vaccines. The effect of sex remains controversial. We investigated the relationship between cytomegalovirus-seropositivity, age, and sex and the immunogenicity of the recombinant (RZV) and live (ZVL) zoster vaccines in adults \u226550 years of age. Methods: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE)-specific antibody, antibody avidity, and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) were measured pre-vaccination and at regular intervals over 5 years post-vaccination in 80 RZV and 79 ZVL recipients, including 91 cytomegalovirus-seropositive and 90 female participants. Results: Differences associated with CMV-seropositivity: lower VZV-gE-CMI in RZV recipients after the first dose of vaccine, but no differences after the 2nd dose; lower VZV-gE-specific antibody avidity in ZVL recipients; and more abundant Th1 and senescent T cells (Tsen) and less abundant regulatory (Treg) and tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm). Differences associated with older age: lower antibody responses in RZV recipients and lower Th1 cells. Differences associated with sex: none for immunogenicity of either vaccine. Differences associated with T cell subset abundance: higher Tsens and lower Tregs or Trms were associated with lower post-dose 1 VZV-gE-specific CMI in RZV recipients, and higher Th1s were associated with higher antibody concentrations. Conclusions: The correlation of CMV- and age-associated T cell subsets with the immunogenicity of ZVLs and RZVs suggests that T cell imprinting contributes to the effect of age and CMV on vaccine responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13040340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T07:46:50Z","timestamp":1742802410000},"page":"340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Reduced Immunogenicity of Zoster Vaccines in CMV-Seropositive Older Adults Correlates with T Cell Imprinting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5252-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thao","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2959-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Scott","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myron J.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1159\/000356827","article-title":"The inverted CD4:CD8 ratio is associated with cytomegalovirus, poor cognitive and functional states in older adults","volume":"21","author":"Ornaghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7759","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01262-06","article-title":"The Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Response Expands with Age and Markedly Alters the CD4+ T-Cell Repertoire","volume":"81","author":"Pourgheysari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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