{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:13:51Z","timestamp":1787030031522,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0908900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0908900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WDZC20200821104802001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WDZC20200821104802001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","award":["2020YFA0908900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0908900"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","award":["WDZC20200821104802001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WDZC20200821104802001"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","award":["32300125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300125"]}]},{"name":"Universities Stable Funding Key Projects","award":["2020YFA0908900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0908900"]}]},{"name":"Universities Stable Funding Key Projects","award":["WDZC20200821104802001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WDZC20200821104802001"]}]},{"name":"Universities Stable Funding Key Projects","award":["32300125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300125"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFA0908900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0908900"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["WDZC20200821104802001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WDZC20200821104802001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32300125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300125"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects approximately 95% of the global population, causing numerous malignancy-related cases annually and some autoimmune diseases. EBV-encoded gp350, gH, gL, gp42 and gB glycoproteins are identified as antigen candidates for their key role in viral entry, and nanoparticle vaccines displaying them were developed for the advantage of inducing cross-reactive B cell responses. Methods: To develop liposomes displaying nanoparticle vaccine, we synthesized liposomes to present the well-identified EBV-encoded gp350D123 glycoprotein on their surface to imitate the viral structure, through the conjugation between N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) groups on the liposomes and primary amine of antigens to form stable amide bond. Then we assessed the immunogenicity of the biomimetic Lipo-gp350D123 nanoparticle vaccine in Balb\/c mice immunized experiments. Results: The results showed that the sera samples from Lipo-gp350D123 nanoparticle vaccine immunized mice collected at weeks 8, 10 and 12 had higher titers of gp350D123 protein-specific antibodies, compared to monomer gp350D123 protein control, and higher titers of neutralizing antibodies to block EBV-GFP infection in AKATA cells. Meanwhile, the Lipo-gp350D123 nanoparticle vaccine also induced higher percentage of CD8+ IFN-\u03b3+ T cells in the spleen, but without significance in CD4+ IFN-\u03b3+ T cells, and these isolated splenocytes showed a higher level of secreted IFN-\u03b3. Moreover, no significant histopathological changes were observed in all vaccinated mice. Conclusions: Altogether these data demonstrated that the liposome displaying promoted the immunogenicity of antigens, and the Lipo-gp350D123 nanoparticle vaccine candidate had potential application in blocking EBV infection. The liposome nanoparticle was a useful vector for antigen displaying to elicit effective immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13040360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T04:36:48Z","timestamp":1743136608000},"page":"360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Liposome-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine Induces Effective Immunity Against EBV Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions, Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6501-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yike","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanyang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-5871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910460509","article-title":"Detection Of EBV Gene-Expression in reed-sternberg cells of Hodgkins-Disease","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. 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