{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:33:54Z","timestamp":1793644434792,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFC2310401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2310401"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["20720220004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20720220004"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["20720220006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20720220006"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2024YFC2310401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2310401"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["20720220004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20720220004"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["20720220006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20720220006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) poses significant public health challenges as the etiological agent of varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (HZ), given its high transmissibility and potential for severe complications. The introduction of VZV vaccines\u2014particularly the vOka-based live attenuated and glycoprotein gE-based recombinant subunit vaccines\u2014has substantially reduced the global incidence of these diseases. However, live attenuated vaccines raise concerns regarding safety and immunogenicity, especially in immunocompromised populations, while recombinant subunit vaccines, such as Shingrix, exhibit high efficacy but are associated with side effects and adjuvant limitations. Recent advancements in vaccine technology, including mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, offer promising alternatives with improved safety profiles and durable immunity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on VZV vaccine mechanisms, clinical applications, and immunization strategies, while also examining future directions in vaccine development. The findings underscore the pivotal role of VZV vaccines in disease prevention and highlight the need for continued research to enhance their public health impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13070730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T10:03:27Z","timestamp":1751882607000},"page":"730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Research Progress on Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hongjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory 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Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9917-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0179-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningshao","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-67-9-1759","article-title":"The complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus","volume":"67","author":"Davison","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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