{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:45:00Z","timestamp":1760035500797,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)","award":["APP0006\/2023","DCR0002\/2023","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP0006\/2023","DCR0002\/2023","001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["APP0006\/2023","DCR0002\/2023","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP0006\/2023","DCR0002\/2023","001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease typically caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae, affecting small ruminants worldwide and being endemic in certain countries. CA causes severe economic losses due to mastitis, agalactia, and arthritis. As an alternative to existing immunoprophylactic measures, this study aimed to develop a recombinant subunit vaccine against M. agalactiae and evaluate its specific immune response in goats. Methods: Goats were divided into three groups: group 1 received recombinant proteins (P40 and MAG_1560), group 2 received formalin-inactivated M. agalactiae, and group 3 received Tris-buffered saline (negative control). All solutions were emulsified in Freund\u2019s adjuvant. Animals were monitored for 181 days. IgG antibody production was assessed by ELISA, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by real-time PCR for the expression of IL-1\u03b2, IFN-\u03b3, IL-12, and MHC class II genes. Results: M. agalactiae-specific antibody response was observed for six months in the sera of animals from group 1. Analysis of cytokine gene expression revealed increased IL-1\u03b2 mRNA levels over time in both experimental groups. In group 1, IFN-\u03b3 mRNA levels increased with P40 stimulation and decreased with MAG_1560. IL-12 mRNA expression decreased over time in group 1 with P40 stimulation, whereas group 2 showed increased IL-12 expression for both proteins. MHC-II expression was stimulated in both groups. Conclusions: The recombinant proteins induced antibody production and cytokine expression, demonstrating immunogenic potential and supporting their promise as vaccine candidates capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses against M. agalactiae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13070746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1752241459000},"page":"746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune Responses Induced by Recombinant Membrane Proteins of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Goats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Almeida","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maysa Santos","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butant\u00e3 05508-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus Gon\u00e7alves","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoel Neres","family":"Santos J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruna Carolina de Brito","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2816-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilly Stefane Souza","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gatha Morgana Bertoti","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Pacheco","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela de Souza","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiago Mac\u00eado Lopes","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Santana Coelho","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurandir Ferreira","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goat Sheep Sector, Department of Plant Science and Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 4, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45083-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6768-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohini","family":"Chopra-Dewasthaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Barreto","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Timenetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butant\u00e3 05508-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Lopes","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Miranda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butant\u00e3 05508-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. 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