{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:33:02Z","timestamp":1760059982128,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"]}]},{"name":"\u201cShuguang Program\u201d of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","award":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"]}]},{"name":"Genetic Evolution Characteristics and Key Techniques for Tracing of Highly Pathogenic Viruses","award":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"]}]},{"name":"key research project of Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (2023\u20132025)","award":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"]}]},{"name":"Key Discipline Program on Public Health System Construction of Shanghai","award":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118200","22SG16","32370995","31771008","ZD2021CY001","2023YFC2605602","GWVI-3","GWVI-11.1-15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Understanding the antibody response in monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected and uninfected individuals is essential for developing next-generation MPXV vaccines. This study aimed to characterize neutralizing antibody (NAb) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses in both groups, providing insights into immune protection and vaccine design. Methods: A recombinant vaccinia Tian Tan (VTT) virus was utilized to develop high-throughput luciferase-reporter-based neutralization and ADCC assays. These assays were applied to evaluate the presence and levels of poxvirus-specific antibodies in MPXV-infected and uninfected individuals, including those vaccinated with vaccinia-based vaccines. Results: Poxvirus-specific NAbs were detected in MPXV-negative individuals with prior vaccinia vaccination. However, MSM individuals exhibited significantly lower pre-existing NAb levels than non-MSM individuals, potentially contributing to their higher susceptibility to MPXV infection. In individuals with mild MPXV infection, robust NAb and ADCC responses were observed, regardless of vaccination status. Additionally, HIV-positive individuals demonstrated comparable antibody responses following MPXV infection. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential role of pre-existing NAbs in MPXV susceptibility and the strong immune response elicited by mild MPXV infection. Further research is needed to determine whether MPXV-specific antibodies mitigate disease progression, which could inform the development of effective MPXV vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13080795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T10:51:14Z","timestamp":1753699874000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Poxvirus-Specific Antibody Response in Monkey Poxvirus-Negative and -Positive Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nannan","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE\/NHC\/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE\/NHC\/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingdan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE\/NHC\/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2255-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE\/NHC\/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE\/NHC\/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit703","article-title":"Human monkeypox","volume":"58","author":"McCollum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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