{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:35:50Z","timestamp":1791588950213,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-15-00471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-15-00471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Most antiviral vaccines are created by inactivating the virus using chemical methods. The inactivation and production of viral vaccine preparations after the irradiation of viruses with accelerated electrons has a number of significant advantages. Determining the integrity of the genome of the resulting viral particles is necessary to assess the quality and degree of inactivation after irradiation. Methods: This work was performed on the Sabin 2 model polio virus. To determine the most sensitive and most radiation-resistant part, the polio virus genome was divided into 20 segments. After irradiation at temperatures of 25 \u00b0C, 2\u20138 \u00b0C, \u221220 \u00b0C, or \u221270 \u00b0C, the amplification intensity of these segments was measured in real time. Results: The best correlation between the amplification cycle and the irradiation dose at all temperatures was observed for segment 3D, left. Consequently, this section of the poliovirus genome is the least resistant to the action of accelerated electrons and is the most representative for determining genome integrity. The worst dependence was observed for the VP1 right section, which, therefore, cannot be used to determine genome integrity during inactivation. The electrochemical approach was also employed for a comparative assessment of viral RNA integrity before and after irradiation. An increase in the irradiation dose was accompanied by an increase in signals indicating the electrooxidation of RNA heterocyclic bases. The increase in peak current intensity of viral RNA electrochemical signals confirmed the breaking of viral RNA strands during irradiation. The shorter the RNA fragments, the greater the peak current intensities. In turn, this made the heterocyclic bases more accessible to electrooxidation on the electrode. Conclusions: These results are necessary for characterizing the integrity of the viral genome for the purpose of creating of antiviral vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13080824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T15:09:53Z","timestamp":1754492993000},"page":"824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Degradation of Poliovirus Sabin 2 Genome After Electron Beam Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry D.","family":"Zhdanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, People\u2019s Friendship University of Russia Named After Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia N.","family":"Shishparenok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury Y.","family":"Ivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8\/1 Polio Institute Settlement, Moskovsky Settlement, 108819 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3200-763X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Kovpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8\/1 Polio Institute Settlement, Moskovsky Settlement, 108819 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia N.","family":"Piniaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8\/1 Polio Institute Settlement, Moskovsky Settlement, 108819 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor V.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8\/1 Polio Institute Settlement, Moskovsky Settlement, 108819 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei V.","family":"Budnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teocortex LLC, 34\/6 Pervomaysky Settlement, 108808 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg A.","family":"Shilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teocortex LLC, 34\/6 Pervomaysky Settlement, 108808 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman S.","family":"Churyukin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teocortex LLC, 34\/6 Pervomaysky Settlement, 108808 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubov E.","family":"Agafonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina V.","family":"Berezhnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1509-7218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria V.","family":"Shumyantseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydar A.","family":"Ishmukhametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8\/1 Polio Institute Settlement, Moskovsky Settlement, 108819 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piniaeva, A., Ignatyev, G., Kozlovskaya, L., Ivin, Y., Kovpak, A., Ivanov, A., Shishova, A., Antonova, L., Khapchaev, Y., and Feldblium, I. 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