{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:06:35Z","timestamp":1791331595094,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FBRI SRC VB"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The development of a vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype A\/H5\u00a0is an urgent task due to concerns about its pandemic potential. Methods: In this study, we have developed an experimental mRNA vaccine, mRNA-H5, encoding a modified hemagglutinin trimer of influenza virus A\/turkey\/Stavropol\/320-01\/2020 (H5N8). BALB\/c mice were immunized with the mRNA-H5 vaccine using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and needle-free jet injection (JI). Subsequently, the immune response to vaccine was assessed using ELISA, microneutralization assay, and ICS methods, and a challenge study was conducted. Results: mRNA-H5 was shown to effectively stimulate specific humoral and T-cell immune responses. Moreover, mRNA-H5 delivered by LNPs and JI provided 100% protection of immunized mice against lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous strains of avian influenza virus (A\/Astrakhan\/3212\/2020 (H5N8) and A\/chicken\/Magadan\/14-7V\/2022 (H5N1), respectively). Conclusions: The present results indicate that JI can be considered as an alternative to LNPs for mRNA delivery, and according to the literature, JI is safer than delivery using LNP. mRNA-H5 has potential as a vaccine against infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A\/H5 viruses with pandemic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13080883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T08:40:48Z","timestamp":1755765648000},"page":"883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immunogenic and Protective Properties of mRNA Vaccine Encoding Hemagglutinin of Avian Influenza A\/H5N8 Virus, Delivered by Lipid Nanoparticles and Needle-Free Jet Injection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4563-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Yakovlev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u00abVector\u00bb, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria R.","family":"Litvinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u00abVector\u00bb, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda B.","family":"Rudometova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u00abVector\u00bb, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariya 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