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Erythroblasts have recently been identified as host cells for malarial parasites, revealing a previously underappreciated host\u2013parasite interaction. However, their extremely low abundance in peripheral blood has hindered progress, especially in elucidating the biological significance of parasitized erythroblasts (pEBs) in vivo. Methods: Here, we visualized pEBs in a murine model and established a method to increase their number in peripheral blood by immunizing mice with live Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL, followed by challenge with P. berghei ANKA. Results: Immunized mice were protected from cerebral malaria and survived longer, during which pEBs appeared in circulation and were detected using Giemsa-stained smears. All blood-stage parasite forms were identified within pEBs, including enucleating erythroblasts. Conclusions: This model enables in vivo\/ex vivo analysis of pEB biology without bone marrow\/spleen isolation, thus lowering technical\/ethical barriers for the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13090988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T13:04:44Z","timestamp":1758546284000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visual Detection of Malaria Parasite-Parasitized Erythroblasts in Peripheral Blood via Immunization-Based Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1346-4611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumpei","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki S.","family":"Tateishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9049-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan"},{"name":"Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9765-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0998-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wataru","family":"Kagaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecoepidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS),Tokyo 162-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8341-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miho","family":"Sase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0664-4659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misato","family":"Yoshioka-Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chikako","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security 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Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha","family":"Ngo-Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan"},{"name":"National Hospital for Tropical Disease, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aoi","family":"Shimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0316-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamasa","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Annoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Hisaeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS), Tokyo 162-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Ch. 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