{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:30:23Z","timestamp":1790605823999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer Inc","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in cases of bacterial diseases transmitted via the respiratory route were reported by the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Consortium. Here, we evaluate the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The epidemiology of meningococcal disease was reviewed in selected South American countries through 2023 from publicly available national surveillance system databases. Results: The incidence of IMD decreased substantially in 2020 in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia and was followed by a trend of increased disease. Similarly to observations in several European countries, the post-pandemic rebounds in cases of IMD in the four South American countries included in this analysis were mainly caused by serogroup B, that became one of the predominant serogroups causing IMD in all four countries. Conclusions: Enhanced surveillance of IMD, including genomic characterization of strains, is needed to inform public health policymakers and guide future vaccination strategies in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13111079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:41:08Z","timestamp":1761122468000},"page":"1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the Post\u2013COVID-19 Era in South America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A. P.","family":"S\u00e1fadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Afonso Braz, 579, Cj 45, S\u00e3o Paulo 04511-011, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Falconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Santiago 7560742, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Gabriela","family":"Abalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines, Buenos Aires B1607EEV, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1072-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Dr. Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0525-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pablo Tob\u00f3n Uribe,  Medell\u00edn 050015, Colombia"},{"name":"Hospital General de Medell\u00edn Luz Castro de Guti\u00e9rrez ESE, Medell\u00edn 050015, Colombia"},{"name":"Hospital Infantil Concejo de Medell\u00edn, Medell\u00edn 050015, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia P.","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Villena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Dr. Exequiel Gonz\u00e1lez Cort\u00e9s, Santiago 8900000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2021.1971289","article-title":"Global epidemiology and changing clinical presentations of invasive meningococcal disease: A narrative review","volume":"54","author":"Deghmane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. 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