{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:41:24Z","timestamp":1777520484338,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively studied for their potential adverse side effects. However, reports of unexpected but potentially beneficial immune responses have received comparatively less attention. Methods: In this case series, a PubMed search was conducted using the terms \u201cwarts\u201d, \u201cverruca\u201d, \u201cHPV\u201d, \u201cCOVID-19\u201d, \u201cSARS-CoV-2\u201d, \u201cimmunization\u201d, and \u201cvaccination.\u201d All reported cases of wart clearance temporally linked to COVID-19 vaccination were identified and summarized, including patient demographics, vaccine type, number of doses, timing of clearance, and follow-up duration. Results: Five cases were identified. Patients varied in age, sex, comorbidity, and immunologic status. Warts were long-standing and treatment-resistant in all cases. Clearance occurred within approximately 2\u20134 weeks following the second or third vaccine dose (either mRNA-based [BNT162b2, mRNA-1273] or adenoviral vector [ChAdOx1-S]) and was sustained for 2\u20138 months of follow-up with no recurrences reported. Conclusions: While causality cannot be determined, the convergence of reports across diverse patients, consistent timing of clearance, and plausible immunologic pathways suggest that COVID-19 vaccination may, in rare instances, trigger beneficial immune activation against HPV-infected keratinocytes. Recognition of such unexpected outcomes underscores the need for broader vaccine safety and efficacy surveillance that includes both adverse and beneficial immune effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13111081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1761182042000},"page":"1081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Observations of Wart Clearance Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Coincidence or Missed Immunologic Signals?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2669-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiwei Wilton","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3096-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard P.","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biological Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Yale School of Management, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"},{"name":"Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.05.016","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccines and the Skin: The Landscape of Cutaneous Vaccine Reactions Worldwide","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. 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