{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:36:38Z","timestamp":1793147798773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2122-HQ-000070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2122-HQ-000070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bingham Chair in Gastroenterology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vaccination reduces Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection severity. We evaluated COVID-19 vaccine uptake and effectiveness in people with immune mediated inflammatory diseases (pIMIDs) versus the general population. Methods: Using population-based administrative health records, we identified cohorts between 2004 and 2022 with an IMID (rheumatoid arthritis n = 10,405, systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease n = 5888, inflammatory bowel disease n = 7911, multiple sclerosis n = 3665, psoriasis n = 23,948) who were matched (1:5) by age, sex, and region to general population comparators (n = 243,490) without these IMIDs. Between 1 January 2021 and 31 March 2022, rates of COVID-19 vaccine administration, hospitalizations with COVID-19 (Hosp-C), and all-cause mortality were assessed amongst pIMIDs and comparators using multivariable models. Results: More pIMIDs were vaccinated than comparators (87.3% vs. 84.7%, p &lt; 0.0001). IMID diagnosis, increasing age, female sex, higher socioeconomic status, urban residence, immunotherapy use, and comorbidities were associated with increased odds of receiving at least two vaccine doses. pIMIDs had higher rates of Hosp-C (79 per 100,000, 95% confidence interval (CI) 77.8\u201380.2) than comparators (51 per 100,000, 95% CI 50.5\u201351.3; rate ratio 1.55; 95% CI 1.53, 1.58) and greater mortality [pIMID 1758 deaths, 3.61%; comparators (6346 deaths, 2.61%), RR 1.39 95% CI 1.32, 1.46)]. In multivariable analyses, vaccinated status was associated with less Hosp-C (OR 0.27, CI 0.23, 0.32) and death (HR 0.27 CI 0.24, 0.29); the association did not differ between IMID and comparator groups. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of Hosp-C and death in both pIMIDs and comparators, pIMIDs remained at higher risk for both. Since SARS-CoV-2 is now endemic, these findings may inform ongoing vaccination recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13111130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1762175714000},"page":"1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["COVID-19 Vaccination, Hospitalization Rates, and Mortality Differ Between People with Diagnosed Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disease and the General Population: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol A.","family":"Hitchon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles N.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4269-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine A.","family":"Peschken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4065-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Lacaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Y 3P2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2719-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilaad G.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7464-0460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Widdifield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute, ICES, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1855-5595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth Ann","family":"Marrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00179-6","article-title":"Estimated number of lives directly saved by COVID-19 vaccination programmes in the WHO European Region from December, 2020, to March, 2023: A retrospective surveillance study","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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