{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:55:54Z","timestamp":1763729754490,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017638","name":"Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["123030200048-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["123030200048-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Flaviviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), pose global health challenges due to their worldwide distribution, pathogenicity, and lack of effective treatments or vaccines. Today, WNV is considered the most important causative agent of viral encephalitis worldwide. This study investigated the different forms of the main WNV antigen\u2014the preM\/E protein\u2014in the context of its immunogenic and protective properties. Methods: The recombinant adenovirus type 2 (rAd2) vectors expressing different forms of the WNV preM\/E genes were obtained using standard molecular biology techniques. Immunogenicity in mice was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization assay. Immunological efficacy was evaluated in a mouse viral challenge model. Results: The rAd2 vector expressing the West Nile virus preM\/E gene with mutations in the fusion loop exhibited robust immunogenicity when administered intramuscularly either once or in a homologous prime-boost regimen. This antigen form, as part of an adenoviral vector, protected mice from death in viral challenge experiments, providing 100% survival following WNV challenge. Conclusions: We believe that a vaccination strategy involving a recombinant adenoviral vector based on human adenovirus type 2 and the WNV antigen represented by the preM\/E gene with mutations in the fusion loop may be a promising approach for combating West Nile virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13121177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:41:58Z","timestamp":1763728918000},"page":"1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Optimized preM\/E Genes of WNV Deliver Long-Term Protection Against Lethal West Nile Virus Challenge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7147-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Ozharovskaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7893-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Zubkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"},{"name":"P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119121, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4511-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizaveta V.","family":"Korobova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2548-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna V.","family":"Dolzhikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis I.","family":"Zrelkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3248-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1965-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polina P.","family":"Goldovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8757-7026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna V.","family":"Kovyrshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9489-4305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia I.","family":"Korobkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0639-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina A.","family":"Favorskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6272-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina V.","family":"Vavilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria M.","family":"Grousova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8311-2283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya D.","family":"Zorkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0728-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna A.","family":"Iliukhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3339-6789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina A.","family":"Ermolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-2339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir I.","family":"Tukhvatulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8518-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry N.","family":"Shcherbinin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2704-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina I.","family":"Ermolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. F. 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