{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:57Z","timestamp":1792454457370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zoonotic influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic avian influenza and swine-origin variants, continue to cause sporadic human infections with, in some cases, high case fatality rates and potential for sustained human-to-human transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored both the possibilities of rapid vaccine innovation and the persistent challenges in equitable access and public trust. This paper synthesizes the vaccine-related priorities from the 2024 update of the World Health Organization Public Health Research Agenda for Influenza, integrating evidence from systematic literature reviews commissioned, expert consultations, and analysis of lessons learned from recent health emergencies, to outline a research and policy roadmap for zoonotic and pandemic influenza vaccine preparedness. Key research priorities identified include development of broadly protective animal and human vaccines; improved understanding of correlates of protection; rapid and scalable manufacturing platforms; predictive modelling for strain selection; and targeted communication strategies to strengthen uptake. Experts have considered that implementing these priorities will require One Health integration, sustained investment, harmonized regulatory frameworks, and proactive community engagement to ensure that advances in vaccine science translate into timely, equitable public health protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13121206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T08:13:49Z","timestamp":1764576829000},"page":"1206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Research Priorities for Zoonotic and Pandemic Influenza Vaccines: Evidence and Recommendations from the WHO Public Health Research Agenda for Influenza (2024 Update)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6297-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Cowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S. L.","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Journalism and Media Studies Centre, The University of Honk Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8910-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hualan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keenan","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Xin","family":"Khong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Agency, Singapore 307684, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Maurer-Stroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GISAID Data Science Centre @ A*STAR Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Singapore 138671, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold S.","family":"Monto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6833-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergejs","family":"Nikisins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulio","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9279-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuelong","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecile","family":"Viboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4397-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Webby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"van der Werf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Heraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0002-y","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"4","author":"Krammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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