{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T05:33:59Z","timestamp":1766122439131,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Independent Research Fund Denmark"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004954","name":"Augustinus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Rigshospitalet Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite pre-transplantation vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), most solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are without post-transplantation seroprotection against IPD and HBV. We aimed to determine the seroprotection rates and changes in antibody concentrations after booster vaccination against IPD and HBV in SOT recipients without post-transplantation seroprotection after pre-transplantation vaccination. Furthermore, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with non-response to booster vaccination. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we included adult SOT recipients without post-transplantation seroprotection against IPD who then received the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) booster, as well as adult SOT recipients without seroprotection against HBV who then received the Engerix-B\u00ae booster after pre-transplantation vaccination. Logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors for non-response to booster vaccination. Results: We included 50 SOT recipients in analyses of booster vaccination against IPD and 52 SOT recipients in analyses of booster vaccination against HBV. Seroprotection rates were 52% after booster vaccination against IPD and 7.7% after booster vaccination against HBV. The median geometric mean concentration of pneumococcal antibodies increased from 0.54 \u00b5g\/mL IgG (interquartile range, IQR: 0.35\u20130.77) to 1.21 \u00b5g\/mL IgG (IQR: 0.87\u20131.62) after booster vaccination (p &lt; 0.001). Having pre-transplantation seroprotection against IPD at time of listing was associated with lower odds of non-response to booster vaccination. We were not able to identify risk factors for non-response to HBV booster vaccination. Conclusions: Booster vaccination improved seroprotection against IPD, but not HBV. Further studies are needed to examine optimal vaccination strategies for SOT recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13121253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:41:23Z","timestamp":1765968083000},"page":"1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Booster Vaccination Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Hepatitis B in Previously Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Without Seroprotection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Sejer\u00f8e-Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moises Alberto","family":"Suarez-Zdunek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Helbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise Bank","family":"Hornung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte Sv\u00e6rke","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology & Microbiological Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5253-1247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasper","family":"Rossing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Perch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9550-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantation and Digestive Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian Rask","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6391-7455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne Dam","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Transplantation and Digestive Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.09.68","article-title":"Solid Organ Transplantation in the 21st Century","volume":"6","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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