{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T17:14:54Z","timestamp":1769793294232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022606","name":"Almirall","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent key tools for the development of vaccines due to their ability to induce a potent immune response to epitopes presented on their surface. However, the decoration of VLPs with a complete heterologous protein on the surface remains a bottleneck for clinical translation due to the complexity of manufacture. We present a novel platform, EPIclip\u2122, for the decoration of VLPs mediated by high-affinity protein binding partners, colicin E7 (ColE7) and immunity protein 7 (Im7), within a single prokaryotic host. We evaluate this approach using a modified hepatitis B core capsid protein and IL-31 as a model epitope. IL-31 is a prominent therapeutic target for the development of pruritic diseases. Methods: We explore the design and development of the platform, including the use of T-cell-stimulating peptides. We demonstrate several small-scale purification methods for the candidate VLP, as well as morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, we vaccinate mice with IL-31-displaying VLPs to evaluate immunogenicity and the ability to prevent IL-31-induced pruritus in vivo. Results: Our results demonstrate that decorated VLPs dosed in mice elicit an IgG response against IL-31 with at least six months of durability. In addition, IL-31-displaying VLPs suppress the development of IL-31-induced pruritus, confirming in vivo target neutralisation. Notably, IL-31-displaying VLPs induce a strong T-cell response against the VLP capsid but not against the cytokine, confirming a B-cell-biased immune response and the absence of detrimental autoreactive T cells. We further demonstrate the translation of this system with an additional virus capsid: tomato aspermy virus (TAV). Conclusions: Taken together, the novel EPIclip\u2122 platform may represent a promising therapeutic approach for pruritic diseases. Additionally, this modular system could be adapted for a wide range of research as well as human and veterinary therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14020129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:04:46Z","timestamp":1769612686000},"page":"129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EPIclip: A Novel Approach for the Production of Decorated Virus-Like Particles Mediated by High-Affinity Protein Binding Partners"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Moleda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scancell Ltd., Oxford OX4 4GD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Bagshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glen Clova Scientific Ltd., Dundee G2 4JR, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Repkewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suaad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glen Clova Scientific Ltd., Dundee G2 4JR, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Jakab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glen Clova Scientific Ltd., Dundee G2 4JR, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Gomez Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glen Clova Scientific Ltd., Dundee G2 4JR, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherin","family":"Sunny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glen Clova Scientific Ltd., Dundee G2 4JR, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Bourdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Foerster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glen Clova Scientific Ltd., Dundee G2 4JR, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00897-8","article-title":"Virus-like particle vaccinology, from bench to bedside","volume":"19","author":"Mohsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. 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