{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:55:34Z","timestamp":1770220534661,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is crucial for antigen presentation and vaccine efficacy. This study examined the association between HLA polymorphisms and the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: 101 pediatric ALL patients at Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine who tested negative for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and were not infected with hepatitis B received three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-HBs titers were measured before and after vaccination. Participants were divided into high- and low-response groups based on post-vaccination anti-HBs titers. Sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) was used to genotype HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1, and -DQB1 alleles. Results: Pre-vaccination anti-HBs titers were 3.38 \u00b1 2.97 mIU\/mL, and the post-vaccination seroconversion rate was 100% with mean titers of 429.61 \u00b1 303.13 mIU\/mL (p &lt; 0.001). Following immunization, the low-response group (11.88%) had an anti-HBs titer of 56.47 \u00b1 28.38 mIU\/mL, while the high-response group (88.12%) had an anti-HBs titer of 479.93 \u00b1 287.70 mIU\/mL. There were significant differences in allele frequencies of B*3501 and Cw*0303 between the two response groups (p &lt; 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the B*3501 allele was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs response level (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: HLA-B*3501 may be associated with lower antibody response levels in children with ALL who completed the full hepatitis B vaccination series. All these children demonstrated protection against the hepatitis B virus (HBV). We will subsequently validate the association between HLA-B*3501 and the level of hepatitis B vaccine immune response in children with ALL through expanding the sample size or conducting a multicenter study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14020145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:35:46Z","timestamp":1769783746000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation Analysis Between HLA Polymorphisms and Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Zhangyang Road 3039, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Zhangyang Road 3039, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-4115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Zhangyang Road 3039, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laibao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Zhangyang Road 3039, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Zhangyang Road 3039, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Yao, X., and Yang, L. 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