{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:23:45Z","timestamp":1789053825915,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about altered immune responses, creating a need to evaluate influenza vaccine performance in the post-COVID period. This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent inactivated subunit adjuvanted influenza vaccine in adults aged 18\u201385 years during the 2022\u20132023 season. Methods: A total of 144 adults were enrolled: group 1, aged 18\u201359 years (n = 124), and group 2, aged 60\u201385 years (n = 20). All received a quadrivalent inactivated subunit adjuvanted vaccine containing 5 \u03bcg of each influenza antigen and 500 \u03bcg of Azoximer bromide. IgG antibodies to vaccine strains were measured at baseline and days 30\u201332 using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Participants were actively monitored for adverse events by telephone. Results: The Geometric Mean Fold Increase (GMFI) met the efficacy criteria in both age groups (\u22652.5 for 18\u201359 years and \u22652.0 for 60\u201385 years), with no significant differences. The seroprotection rate reached accepted thresholds for most strains but was below criteria for B\/Victoria in the 18\u201359 group (48%) and for B\/Phuket in the 60\u201385 group (35%). Significant between-group differences were observed for B\/Victoria (p = 0.01) and B\/Phuket (p = 0.007). Seroconversion met criteria for all strains in younger adults, but for older adults, it was insufficient for B\/Phuket (20%, below the \u226530% threshold; p = 0.05 vs. 18\u201359 years). Local reactions occurred in 24.2% and systemic in 11.3% of younger adults; in older adults, in 20% and 15%, respectively. All resolved spontaneously within 1\u20133 days. Conclusions: The quadrivalent adjuvanted influenza vaccine demonstrated acceptable immunogenicity and safety in adults aged 18\u201385 years despite potential post-COVID immune alterations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14020181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:14:32Z","timestamp":1771236872000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunogenic Properties and Safety of a Quadrivalent Inactivated Subunit Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 to 85 Years at the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the 2022\u20132023 Season"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail P.","family":"Kostinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristitsa M.","family":"Kostinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Health Department, D. D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow 105077, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Iushkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Gladkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Health Department, D. D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow 105077, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6454-4216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Vlasenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Samara State Medical University, The Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Samara 443079, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9320-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Dagil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center, Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2244-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kvasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhniy Novgorod 603005, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5895-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Kameleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Health Department, D. D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow 105077, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Adaptology, P. Lumumba Russian University of Peoples\u2019 Friendship, Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Kachnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Health Department, D. D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow 105077, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Solov\u0435va","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk State University, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ulyanovsk 432007, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Khamidulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk State University, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ulyanovsk 432007, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Prutskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk State University, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ulyanovsk 432007, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-8172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Mekhantseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Andreeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Management and Economics, The Chuvash State University Named After I. N. Ulyanov, Federal State Educational Establishment of Higher Professional Education, Cheboksary 428015, Russia"},{"name":"Budgetary Institution \u201cCity Children\u2019s Clinical Hospital\u201d, Ministry of Health of the Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary 428000, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina B.","family":"Polishchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette Albahansa","family":"Mana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton M.","family":"Kostinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00266-1","article-title":"Does repeated influenza vaccination attenuate effectiveness? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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