{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:15:31Z","timestamp":1793369731802,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU4Health Programme","award":["101075314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101075314"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: HPV vaccination is highly effective in preventing HPV-related cancers when administered before viral exposure. However, vaccination practices for patients already diagnosed with gynaecological cancers remain poorly characterized. Understanding clinicians\u2019 perspectives and barriers is essential for optimizing preventive strategies in oncologic care. Methods: We conducted an international, web-based survey among members of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) and the European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists (ENYGO). The questionnaire explored clinicians\u2019 attitudes, practices, and perceived obstacles regarding HPV vaccination in patients with gynaecological cancer or pre-invasive disease across multiple clinical scenarios and age groups. Results: A total of 149 respondents from 33 countries completed the survey. Most clinicians supported HPV vaccination for patients treated for cervical precancer (78\u201382% for patients under 45 years), and even for invasive cervical cancer (57\u201362%). Recommendations varied by patients\u2019 age, cancer type, and treatment status. For endometrial and ovarian cancer, endorsement ranged from 16% to 53%, depending on patient age. Timing of vaccination was a point of divergence: some clinicians favoured vaccination immediately after treatment for CIN2+, while others recommended delaying vaccination depending on HPV test results. Reported barriers discouraging HPV vaccination recommendations included misinformation (69.8%), lack of patient education materials (52.3%), and time constraints (48.3%), alongside economic factors and uncertainty about efficacy in oncologic settings. Conclusions: The survey shows that HPV vaccination is often recommended beyond evidence-supported indications. Randomized trials have not demonstrated a reduction in CIN2+ recurrence with adjuvant vaccination, and no evidence supports vaccination in women with invasive gynaecological cancers. These findings reveal a gap between clinical practice and available evidence, highlighting the need for clearer, evidence-based guidance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14030269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:10:43Z","timestamp":1773655843000},"page":"269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prophylactic HPV Vaccination in Gynaecological Practice: Recommendations, Practices, and Challenges Reported in the ESGO-PERCH HPV Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2539-3894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kacperczyk-Bartnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"II Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Gynaecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7807-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Arbyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6596-530X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Deno\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Bilir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine Department, 34450 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"School of Medicine, American University of Sovereign Nations, Sacaton, AZ 85147, USA"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Dhollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6598-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoia","family":"Razumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khayal","family":"Gasimli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital zum Heiligen Geist, 60311 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Cokan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecological and Breast Oncology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty Maribor, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7613-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houssein El","family":"Hajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynaecologic Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1574-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor Andrea","family":"Zwimpfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kyrgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction-Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK"},{"name":"West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Gultekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1727-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Bizzarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e Del Bambino e della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2025.02.029","article-title":"An updated understanding of the natural history of cervical human papillomavirus infection-clinical implications","volume":"232","author":"Lycke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1548282","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines. A Cochrane review of randomized trials","volume":"17","author":"Arbyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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